HYMEN OPTERO US PARASITES OF RHYNCHOTA. 311 



pucerons become glossy white and fix themselves on the under 

 side of the leaves (Ent. Mag. ii. p. 102). Giraud bred the same 

 direct parasite from " Aphis, sur B£d6guar da Rosier " (Ann. Soc. 

 Fr. 1877, p. 415). Both host and parasite appear exclusively 

 attached to Rosa rubiginosa, the sweetbrier. Buckton's record 

 (Mon. Aph. ii. 155) is an error, as noticed under S. rosce, ante. 



55. Siphonophora tanaceti, Linn. 



The only reference to the parasitism of this species is made 

 by Gaulle (Cat. 104), who tells us that the Chalcid, Spalangia 

 nigra , Latr., has been bred therefrom. 



56. Siphonophora absintliii, Linn. 



. Bignell has been exceptionally fortunate in breeding direct 

 parasites from this species in Devonshire : — Aphidius absintliii, 

 Marsh., emerged on September 24th ; the rare Praon flavinode, 

 Hal., which is supposed to be exclusively British, and the 

 common P. volucre, Hal., emerged on June 27th (Trans. Devon. 

 Ass. 1901, p. 688) ; and he subsequently raised both sexes of his 

 new P. absintliii from the same host (E.M.M. 1894, p. 255^, and 

 exhibited them at a meeting of the Ent. Soc. (Nov. 7th, 1894). 



57. Siphonophora artemisice, Koch. 



Elassus (Aphidius) minutus, Ratz., with its hyperparasites, 

 Allotria victrix, A. minuta, and A. brachyjrtera, were " aus Blatt- 

 liiusen auf Artemisia vulgaris erzogen " in Prussia by Brischke 

 (Schr. Nat. Ges. Danz. 1882, p. 182). No one else appears to 

 have noticed the species. 



58. Siphonophora sonchi, Linn. 

 To such an extent is this abundant species parasitized that 

 Buckton very truly says (Mon. Aph. ii. 157) that their colonies 

 often consist of more dead than living individuals. Haliday bred 

 his Trioxys centaurce " hab. in Aphidibus CentaureaB nigrae minus 

 frequens. ... I have observed this species attacking the pucerons 

 of the Centaury ; its proceedings are similar to those of the true 

 Aphidii : it pierces the under side, and by an equally instan- 

 taneous touch " (Ent. Mag. 1833, p. 490) ; and this species is 

 very likely synonymous with Giraud's Aphidius centaurce, which 

 he bred from Aphids on Centaurea jacea, representing probably 



