HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITES OE RHYNCHOTA. 343 



and another species of the same genus. From Aphides on 

 Pyrethrum parthenium, Engelmannia pinnatifida, and Echinops 

 bannaticus, Giraud bred Aphidius exiguus, Hal. (Ann. Soc. Fr. 

 1877, p. 415), and adds (I.e. 419, 421) that the Chalcids, Agonio- 

 neurus flavicrus, Gir., and Encyrtus atheas, Walk., also emerged 

 from the Aphids on the last-named plant. Misaphidus ( = 

 ? Praon) crudelis, Rondani, has been bred by him from Aphis sp. 

 in Italy. Buckton gives no Aphids at all as feeding on any 

 Plantaginece, but Kirchner says (Cat. 31) of Allotria heterocerus, 

 Htg., " Spiiter aus Aphis plantaginis." From (( Aphis on Chry- 

 santhemum, Popidus, and Salix" has been bred Allotria pusilla, 

 Kief. ; from " Aphis on Mgopodium, Alisma, and Platanus " has 

 been bred Allotria recticornis, Kief., according to Gaulle (Cat.) ; 

 and from Aphis on Carthamus tinctorius, Giraud records (Ann. 

 Soc. Fr. 1877, pp. 415, 421) Allotria flavicornis Htg., and En- 

 cyrtus atheas, Walk. This last Chalcid is also given by Giraud 

 as preying upon an Apliis on Scorzonera, and, together with 

 another, Agonioneurus daucicola, Forst. (? MS.), upon an Aphis 

 on Silaus aurifolias (I. c. 419-421). Chrysolampus ceneieornis and 

 Tridynus rosulorum are recorded from Aphis spp. by Eatzeburg, 

 and his Lygocerus antennalis, L. aphidivorus, L. campestris, and 

 L. Giraudi by Kieffer. Giraud bred Isocrates vulgaris, Walk. 

 (Ann. Soc. Fr. 1877, p. 427) from Apliis on Gypsophilus and Pinus, 

 and Cerocephala cornigera ) Westw. {I. c. 422) from " Aphides 

 diverses." 



79. Aphis brassicce, Linn. 



Curtis tells us (Farm. Ins. 74) that during the end of July 

 and beginning of August, 1848, scarcely a female of this species 

 out of the swarms under his cabbage-leaves escaped the attacks of 

 his Trionyx (Aphidius) rapce and his Cynips fulviceps ; he adds 

 that Jurine figures another species, C. erythrocephalus, with the 

 same habits. Buckton (Mon. Aph. ii. 35) says that often nine- 

 tenths of a colony of this aphis is destroyed by Trionyx rapce — 

 which he bred from it and professes to sketch (/. c. ii. pi. xlvi. 

 fig. 7) — and that others are attacked by species of Geraphron and 

 Cortina. T. rapce, which is referred to the genus Aphidius by 

 Curtis (Macintosh's 'Book of the Garden,' ii. 194), is synonymised 

 by Marshall with his own Aphidius brassier, several of which were 

 bred by Bignell in Devon from this host on Aug. 4th, 1885 ; and 



