344 



THE ZOOLOGIST. 



by Marshall from probably the same Aphid on Raphartus mariti- 

 mus (Br. d'Eur. ii. 598), from which also he raised a single 

 female of his Aphidius Matricaria (I.e. 592). Gaulle adds that 

 A. medicaginis, Marsh., has been bred from an Aphis on Rapha- 

 nus, and Giraud (Ann. Soc. Fr. 1877, pp. 415 et 434) bred Mega- 

 spilus aphidum, Gir., and Allotria circumscripta, Htg., from Aphids 

 on the same genus of plants. Allotria are not very satisfactorily 

 bred from this species, which we must suppose to have been that 

 on Sinapis, from which Kieffer records A. victrix, Westw., and his 

 own new A. curvata and foveigera, as well as that upon Barbarea, 

 from which he records A. pusilla, Kief. ; Aphis chenopodii, Schr., 

 from which Kirchner (Cat. 31) says he raised Allotria testacea, 

 Htg., is probably synonymous. From America we only have the 

 new descriptions of Encyrtus aphidiphagus and Pachyneuron 

 aphidivora, Ash. (Bull. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agric. 1887, p. 14) ; and 

 the record of Aphelinus mali, Hald. (Howard, Eevis. Aphel. N. 

 Amer. 24), as bred from the Cabbage Aphis. t 



80. Aphis cratcegaria, Walk. 



From this species in South Devon, Bignell has bred the very 

 common direct parasite, Aphidius avence, Hal., together with its 

 hyperparasite, Allotria cursor (Marsh. Br. d'Europ. ii. 574). 



81. Ap>his mali, Fabr. 



The only mention of this species I find is in Gaulle's Cata- 

 logue, where it is said (p. 86) that Ephedras plagiator, Nees 

 (— parcicornis, Nees) preys upon it. 



f I believe no Iclmeumonidcz to be truly parasitic upon Rhynchota. The 

 only records of which I am aware are in the case of (1) Ajrfiis brassiccr, from 

 which Cresson says (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1872, p. 173) that Webster bred 

 the former's Ophionid Limnerium rivalis, as well as (Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 

 18G4, p. 259) his L. (Mesolepitus) tibiator, which preys, according to Riley, 

 upon Lepidoptera; and (2) Tohjpe vellida, from which Dalla Torre (Cat. iii. 

 5G3) erroneously says Wesmael bred the still ambiguous Ichneumon bellas, 

 Grav. ((if. Mori. Ichn. Brit. ii. 4). Members of the Tryphonid genus Bassus 

 are frequently seen among Aphids, but they are certainly invariably in search 

 of aphidiphagous Syrphid larvae, upon which they oviposit (cf. Westw. Introd. 



ii. 140, fig. 1 et Entom. 1908, p. 234). Many Ichneumonidce are, however, 

 attracted by the honeydew exuded by Aphids (cf. Mori. Ichn. Brit. ii. 344 et 



iii. 821). 



