HYMEN OP TEBO US PARASITES OF RHYNCHOTA. 435 



such as have hitherto been mentioned, since they may be sup- 

 posed to have been bred from the same species, and in any case 

 their repetition is valueless. The Aphids on Err urn hirsutum$ 

 however, whence Haliday first bred his Ephedras lacertosns and 

 Aphidius ervi, can hardly have been Myzus cerasi ; he says of the 

 former (Ent. Mag. 1883, p. 486) : " Habitat, in agris passim 

 Aphides Ervi forsitan et alias pungens. ... In oviposition it 

 carries the abdomen like the genuine Aphidii, but pierces the 

 back of the Puceron, for which the slight inclination of the borer 

 seems adapted, and the contact is less instantaneous, being often 

 prolonged for several seconds." Trioxys minutus, Haliday, was 

 first bred by him from Aphids on Buxus balearica. He also 

 raised his Aphidius salicis from a species of Aphid on several 

 different kinds of willow in July and August, along with the 

 hyperparasites, Allotria fidviceps, Curt., and another species of 

 the same genus. Curtis (Farm Ins. 75) says that Mr. T. Car- 

 penter bred a Cynipz, doubtfully referred to C. quercus-inferus, 

 Linn., "from small Aphides " ; Curtis describes this Allotria in 

 Morton's * Cyclopaedia of Agriculture ' (2 vols., London, 1855), 

 but Cameron (Phyt. Hym. iii. 260) failed to recognise it. Eon- 

 dani records (Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1877, p. 199) Telenomus trim- 

 catus, Nees — his Teleas United — from Aphids, but the association 

 appears to be doubtful, since it has also been bred from Bombyces. 

 All the other direct parasites not assigned to specific hosts are, I 

 think, comprised in Marshall's Bracon. d'Europ. ii. pp. 540, 574, 

 582, 589, 591), and in Giraud's " Liste des eclosions d'Insectes " 

 (Ann. Soc. France, 1877, pp. 415-6 et 427). 



Buckton gives (Mon. Aph. ii. 154) a list of aphidiphagous 

 Hymenoptera, upon Dr. Keinhard's authority, which comprises 

 Agonioneurus flavicornis, Forst., and A. subjlavescens, Westw., 

 Callimome auratus, Fourc. (probably in errore), Mesosela elongata, 

 Walk., Myina chaonia, Walk., Pteromalus aphidivorus, Forst., 

 and Spalangia nigra, Latr. And Bignell (Trans. Devon. Assoc. 

 1901, p. 692) indicates Allotria perplexa, Cam., A. basimacidata, 

 Cam., A. ancylocei'a, Cam., A. tscheki, Gir., A. longicornis, Htg., 

 and Lygocerus serricornis, Boh., as having been bred by himself 

 in Devonshire from unspecified Aphides, through doubtful direct 

 parasites. 



