oi' the above mentioned old runners, and with these the spiral is com- 

 menced. The intermediary range of espalier is suffered to remain ; 

 and the remainder of the wood-work left, should be sufficient to sup- 

 port the rest of the stocks that still keep the old hedge-row. 



To change the fashion of any other Vines,it is necessary to begin 

 in the spring, bj lopping with a sloping cut, every other stock, in 

 every other row ; they should be lopped as low as possible ; it is 

 even advantageous to cut nearly an inch or two below the surface of 

 the ground, if the upper roots will allow. The edges of the wound 

 should be drawn together, and anointed well with gardener's wax, to 

 prevent bleeding. The old posts are left standing to support the new 

 shoots which will sprout from the shortened stocks, on which only 

 two shoots apiece are to be allowed ; and they must be topped when 

 they are two feet in length, to give them a chance to grow stronger. 

 The following spring the spiral must be commenced ; the Vines sprout 

 vigorously, and the shoots bear that fall. By degrees, as the pyramids 

 increase in height, the runners of the other stocks are pruned shorter 

 and shorter, until finally even the stocks themselves must be cut 

 through underground, enough to destroy vitality. 



Trellise Training. 



By this title I do not mean to designate the paling of Vines against 

 walls or trellises in gardens, but that culture only which is practised 

 on the largest scale on the Chasselas grape in the village of Thomery 

 near Fontambleau. There alone is this sort of training so conducted 

 as to yield a handsome revenue to the cultivators. It will be perceiv- 

 ed that it is adapted to the climate of Paris. The wall against which 

 the Thomery Vine-dressers plant the slips is 7 feet in height, and roof- 

 ed with tiles that jut 8 inches beyond it, forming a cornice destined to 

 shelter the grape from the rain, without shading it too much. The 

 wall is carefully rough cast, with mortar ; and at every 3 feet of space 

 iron hooks, soldered fast with lead, are cramped into it, to support the 

 rungs of the trellise. An easterly exposure, on which the sun falls 

 till one or two o'clock in the afternoon is esteemed the most favourable 



The trellise is formed, from top to bottom, by nine horizontal sup- 

 ports or bands, slung into the iron cramps ; and which are to support 

 the main-runners of the vine. These runners are called wreatlis 

 or belts, and are led off on the right and on the left. The perpendicu- 

 lar supports or joists are about 2 feet high, and are tied fast with iron 

 wire, to the horizontal ones. 



The slips with roots* having been carefully prepared and kept, 



* Each slip is set out in a slender basket ; this precaution renders the 

 first crop a year earlier : it is gathered the following autumn 



