juice is constantly leaking. The waggon jolts too violently to be a 

 proper means of carriage ; wooden barrows transported by men, or by 

 horses or asses, carry the grapes to the vat, without loss, or bruising 

 or overheating. The grapes de la Marne (for Champagne wine) are 

 deposited in broad baskets slung across horses ; the baskets are care- 

 fully covered with large cloths to keep off the heat of the sun and 

 prevent an untimely effervescence. 



A careful vine-dresser therefore will have the vintage only undertaken 

 in fine weather ; he will allow no awkward vintager to endamage his 

 crop ; he will hire labourers enough to finish the work in one day ; he 

 will superintend the work himself, with the assistance of a strict and 

 able overseer ; he will have the stems of the bunches cut as close to 

 the cluster as possible ; he wjII require his vintagers to pick out and 

 throw away the rotten berries, and to leave on the plant the unripe 

 bunches ; he will supply them with small baskets only; and will see 

 that the clusters are removed into the panniers gently and with duo. 

 care, and transported to the press by horses or carried by hand. 



