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the cask in measures made for the purpose. But the first tiling to 

 be done is to remove the scum which has soured by exposure to the 

 air, with the utmost precaution, by means of a wooden spaddle. For 

 should this film turn under, the whole vat of wine will be good for 

 nothing. Wines of peculiar excellence are drawn off by funnels and 

 syphons that prevent the open air firom striking the wine, as it does 

 in the common method, both when it falls into the measure, and again 

 when it is emptied into the cask. 



