iii 



Tlie teeth of the comb are perpendicular to the spindle of the 

 cylinder, and the use of this comb is to clean from the nail-heads, all 

 obstructions that might clog them. 



Figure V. THE CRUSHJjyG MACHINE OF M. GUERLK. 



A. The machine seen from above ; B, a perpendicular section of 

 the same. There are two rollers a a, which, by pressure and rub- 

 bing mash the fruit. They are put in motion by two toothed wheels b b 

 of different sizes, which causes one of the rollers to move more rapidly 

 than the other. Each wheel is attached to its roller by the spindle ; 

 the handle belongs to the smallest wheel. The largest wheel is ten 

 inches broad ; the smaller is only six and a half inches in diameter. 



These cylinders lie along the bottom of a hopper, c, into which the 

 stemmed grapes are thrown, and open upon a trough, d, below, that is 

 five feet nine inches in length. 



FwuRE VI. IJVSTRUMENT FOR FILLING CASKS. 



The inyentor of this instrument ia M. Horpin of Metz ; it is cal- 

 culated for the purpose of preventing the spoiled wine on the surface 

 from mixing with the rest in the cask. The long tube of this funnel 

 is plunged in at the bung-hole to a considerable depth, and new 

 wine is poured through it without disturbing the cask, and the spoiled 

 wine is led off at the same time without any commotion. 



This funnel has a wide mouth and a long vertical tube, a, through 

 which the wine is poured ; and a jointed tube b, through which the 

 layer of spoiled wine escapes. Both these tubes pass through a bung 

 of a conical shape, c, made of tin, and which is wrapped with linen, 

 to fit it to the bung-hole for the operation ; is a handle of iron 

 wire fastened to a cork e, which closes the lower orifice of the funnel. 



It can be made of tin ; the tube a should be from 15 to 18 inches 

 long ; and four inches broad across the mouth ; in the centre it should 

 be 8 lines broad, and the lower opening should be two lines in breadth. 

 The tube b should be four lines broad, and from 3 to 4 inches long. 

 The false bung is made solid on all sides, is three inches broad above, 

 an inch and a half below, and the same in thickness. The wire d, must 



