and 30 percent the second. Mortality was 20 percent the first winter and 

 6 percent the second. 



Seedlings from early-germinating seeds survived better than seedlings 

 originating late in the season (fig. 3). At the end of the third growing 

 season, between 65 and 70 percent of the seedlings that appeared in May 

 of the first year after winter cutting, were still alive; between 40 and 45 

 percent of those that had come up during the last half of June survived; 

 while less than 20 percent of those appearing after 1 August survived. 



Summer mortality appeared to result largely from competition, plus 

 some killing the first growing season by damping-off. Winter mortality 

 was due mostly to unidentified causes, but some specific instances of frost 

 heaving and smothering by litter were noted. 



Height growth. — Height growth on the three sunniest plots ap- 

 peared to approach height growth in large clearcuttings; but after the first 



Figure 3.— Survival after 3 years, by germination. 



100 



MAY JUNE JUNE JULY JULY AUG. AUG. AUG. SEPT. SEPT. 

 24 8 21 5 18 2 16 30 14 27 



DATES AT MIDPOINTS OF GERMINATION MEASURING PERIOD 



4 



