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OFFICIAL REPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE 



ently, the only requirements of the laws in any of these States is that 

 the substance sold as Paris green shall contain at least this minimum 

 amount of arsenious oxid. Since arsenic is the cheaper ingredient in 

 Paris green, it is evident that this law could be taken advantage of by 

 the manufacturers or dealers and an inferior article placed on the 

 market, containing any combination of material so long as it is green 

 and contains sufficient of this comparatively cheap substance. 



There is nothing in the laws, nor has there been any attempt by the 

 chemists in charge of the analyses made under the laws, to distinguish 

 the amount of uncombined, or soluble, arsenious oxid in the substances 

 sold as Paris green. Such laws may be satisfactory to manufacturers 

 or dealers, but certainly leave very much to be desired from the stand- 

 point of fruit-growers or agriculturists in whose benefit they are sup- 

 posed to have been enacted; they show evidence of the failure to 

 appreciate the real situation by those who frame the laws. In most of 

 these States the laws are well provided with means to secure their 

 enforcement, so that by remedying the defect pointed out above, by the 

 establishment of a truer standard of purity, the markets would again 

 be filled with a satisfactory Paris green. Manufacturers are not so 

 blind to their own interests as to fail to meet any clearly defined 

 demand. They stand anxious and ready to meet any reasonable 

 requirement the fruit-grower may make. 



Substitutes for Paris Green. — A good sample of Paris green is a 

 satisfactory article for killing codling moth, and it has been tested so 

 long under all sorts of conditions, and proven itself thoroughly satis- 

 factory; and moreover, as it can be had everywhere, and requires no 

 preparation, it is altogether an extremely satisfactory remedy to use. 

 The unreliability of the substance, however, is such that unless one is 

 assured of the quality of the sample he intends to use, the only safe 

 procedure is to use one of the substitutes hereinafter described. Not 

 only the unreliability, but also the cost of Paris green, has caused many 

 to look for a substitute. This search has been sufficiently successful to 

 incline many to the opinion that Paris green never can again take the 

 almost exclusive place it formerly held among this class of insecti- 

 cides. A number of compounds have been suggested and more or less 

 thoroughly tried for this purpose, and the results obtained in some 

 cases have been very highly satisfactory. There are quite a number of 

 substances of this character already on the market, and some can be 

 very easily and cheaply manufactured at home. 



Home-Made Compounds. — The cheapest arsenical compounds are 

 certainly home-made mixtures. The method of manufacture of these 

 substances is very simple, and there seems to be no reason why they 

 might not be used almost exclusively. 



