1922.] Farm Buildings for Small Holdings. 233 



If a covered yard is of such great importance both for in- 

 creasing the head of stock and for the production of the best 

 grade of manure as we are inclined to think, then it would 

 appear that the West Riding type should give the best results 

 on both counts, particularly in an exposed situation where in- 

 creased shelter and warmth are imperative. If, also, it can be 

 shown that the provision of a loft over stock is not detrimental, 

 provided adequate ventilation and cubic space are given, it would 

 appear that the North Riding Scheme, with the single roof 

 and large loft is the more advantageous or the two described in 

 this article for smaller holdings where the West Riding type 

 would be too costly. There is good reason to think that in the 

 matter of cost, by careful planning and new methods of construc- 

 tion the single roof type might be the cheaper method and can 

 be so constructed that there need be no fear on the score of 

 increased annual upkeep due to exposed climatic conditions. 

 Possibly some compromise between the North and West Riding 

 types could be evolved giving a small covered yard as well as 

 the loft space. 



Although these two examples of concentrated planning are 

 covered by different types of roof they may for practical purposes 

 be regarded as the offspring of the same desire, viz. :— to reduce 

 the labour in tending stock to the minimum. As such- plans are 

 widely different from the majority of small holding buildings 

 erected during the past few years, and are approximate in prin- 

 ciple to modern American and Danish methods, they may be 

 considered of more than passing interest. This type of plan, 

 carefully worked out, must be more economical than the open 

 courtyard type with its increased amount of external walling 

 and angles, gutters, down pipes, drains and larger area of 

 ground covered, and it does undoubtedly fulfil the great principle 

 of economy of labour in the concentration, preparation, and dis- 

 tribution of fodder. For these reasons these Yorkshire and Dur- 

 ham types are worth careful consideration, not only with regard 

 to future small holding equipment, but also inasmuch as they 

 represent in embryo principles which, if found successful in 

 practice, might be extended to much larger acreages. 



