371 



cut and the extraction of the stool therefore presented no great 

 difficulty. Following this, record was taken of the work of 

 these jacks in extracting a blackthorn and a maple tree. These 

 trees had an average diameter of about 10 in. and were 

 shallow rooted. It was observed in this instance also that all 

 roots were cut by means of the grub axe. Heavy rain fell while 

 these trees were being extracted and hampered the work con- 

 siderably. 



Results.— Stools. Trees. 



Average diameter of stumps 18-5 in. ... 9*9 in. 



Average time occupied in removing ... 9*61 mills. ... 30*5 mins. 



Average cost per stump ... ... ... 4d. ... 12 , 75d. 



Average cost per sq. f t. of cross section... t'75d. ... 23* 93d. 



Average cost per cubic ft. of timber lifted 104d. ... 10*52d. 



The Monkey Winch. — The mechanism of this machine does 

 not depart greatly from the ordinary winch fitted with a ratchet 

 gear, except that the steel rope is specially adapted for holding 

 and pulling timber. The winch gear is fitted in a very compact 

 steel frame, which can be moved from place to place on its own 

 two wheels where the ground is not too rough. In other cases, 

 two men can easily carry the machine from one spot to another. 



The winch is fitted between trees or stumps by means of the 

 steel ropes which are equipped with specially made couplings 

 which wedge themselves on the rope, thus avoiding any possibility 

 of slipping at high tension. By means of the single ratchet 

 gear the load is applied by working a handle backwards and 

 forwards which has the effect of winding in the rope and 

 ultimately the strain becomes so great that the stump is torn 

 from the ground. 



Method of Trial.— Three men were allocated to the winch 

 and were provided with grub axes, a spade and a crowbar. The 

 stools in this plot consisted of elder and hazel and had very 

 shallow roots. Little time was required for fixing the cable 

 round the stool to be extracted, and the winch proved easily 

 capable of extracting all stumps encountered. Owing to the 

 radius within which this winch may work, it was found 

 unnecessary to change the position of the machine. 



Abstract of Results. — The results are as follows, details of 

 which are given in the table on p. 873 : — 



Average diameter of stump 



Avenge time occupied 



Average cost per stump 



Average cost per s<j. ft. cross section 



Average cost per cubic ft. of timber lifted ... 



5*8 mills. 



F 2 



