﻿The 
  Anatomy 
  of 
  the 
  Female 
  Genital 
  Tract 
  of 
  the 
  

   Pupipara 
  as 
  observed 
  in 
  Melophagus 
  ovinus. 
  

  

  By 
  

  

  H. 
  S. 
  Pratt, 
  

  

  Ph. 
  D., 
  Haverford 
  College, 
  Pa. 
  

  

  With 
  Plates 
  II— 
  III 
  and 
  1 
  Figure 
  in 
  Text. 
  

  

  Introduction. 
  

  

  The 
  female 
  reproductive 
  Organs 
  of 
  the 
  small 
  group 
  of 
  dipterous 
  

   insects 
  known 
  as 
  the 
  Pupipara, 
  of 
  which 
  the 
  common 
  sheep-tick 
  

   (Melophagus 
  ovinus) 
  is 
  the 
  most 
  familiär 
  representative 
  , 
  has 
  long 
  

   interested 
  entomologists. 
  The 
  large 
  size 
  of 
  these 
  Organs, 
  their 
  odd 
  

   outward 
  resemblance 
  to 
  the 
  human 
  female 
  genital 
  tract 
  (PI. 
  II, 
  

   Figs. 
  1 
  and 
  2), 
  the 
  very 
  small 
  number 
  and 
  peculiar 
  arrangement 
  of 
  

   the 
  ovariole 
  tubules, 
  the 
  unique 
  position 
  of 
  the 
  receptaculum 
  seminis, 
  

   and 
  other 
  structural 
  features 
  have 
  lead 
  to 
  the 
  investigation 
  or 
  notice 
  

   of 
  them 
  by 
  Reaumur 
  (17), 
  Nitzsch 
  (14), 
  Cuvier 
  (3), 
  Lyoxet 
  (15), 
  

   Dufour 
  (4, 
  5, 
  6), 
  Blanchard 
  (1), 
  v. 
  Siebold 
  (19), 
  and 
  Leuckart 
  (10). 
  

   But 
  none 
  of 
  these 
  authors, 
  with 
  the 
  exception 
  of 
  the 
  last 
  named, 
  

   has 
  furnished 
  a 
  correct 
  account 
  of 
  their 
  structure. 
  Leuckart, 
  how- 
  

   ever, 
  who 
  in 
  accuracy 
  of 
  Observation 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  interpretation 
  of 
  

   observed 
  facts 
  was 
  well-nigh 
  infallible, 
  gives 
  a 
  füll 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  main 
  

   correct 
  description 
  of 
  these 
  Organs. 
  His 
  investigation 
  was, 
  however, 
  

   made 
  40 
  years 
  ago, 
  before 
  modern 
  methods 
  of 
  technique 
  were 
  in 
  

   vogue, 
  and 
  the 
  unusual 
  interest 
  attaching 
  to 
  the 
  subject 
  in 
  the 
  field 
  

   of 
  insect 
  morphology 
  has 
  led 
  me 
  to 
  make 
  a 
  fresh 
  examination 
  of 
  

   these 
  organs 
  with 
  a 
  view 
  to 
  completing 
  and 
  extending 
  his 
  work. 
  

  

  The 
  sheep-tick 
  is 
  an 
  exceedingly 
  common 
  insect 
  in 
  America 
  and 
  

   Europe, 
  the 
  American 
  tick 
  being 
  undoubtedly 
  identical 
  with 
  the 
  

   European 
  species. 
  The 
  adult 
  female 
  insect 
  (PI. 
  II, 
  Fig. 
  1) 
  is 
  about 
  

   6 
  mm 
  long. 
  The 
  head 
  is 
  small 
  and 
  triangulär 
  in 
  shape 
  and 
  bears 
  

   rudiments 
  of 
  antennae 
  (ant) 
  and 
  eyes 
  [eye), 
  and 
  a 
  long 
  proboscis 
  

  

  