xvili 



AMERICAN HOMES AND GA 



RDENS 



January, 1907 



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males, and the Narragansett is only a little 

 smaller. The Black turkey has been of great 

 breeding value because of the results obtained 

 in crossing it with the wild turkey, and more 

 recently by interbreeding with the Bronze. 

 Its size is smaller than either of the other two 

 popular varieties, but good breeding and selec- 

 tion have steadily increased the bird's weight 

 until it stands high among the popular breeds. 

 The White, or the White Holland, turkey 

 has grown into popularity among the Rhode 

 Island breeders, and many of them devote 

 their time exclusively to raising them. The 

 White turkey was probably originally a sport 

 or albino from other varieties, but through 

 careful breeding and selection the type has 

 been permanently established. The Whites 

 have been crossed with the Bronze, Blacks, 

 and Narragansetts. 



There are Buff and Slate turkeys named 

 among the standard varieties, but neither of 

 these is very popular. They are never seen 

 at exhibitions, for they are not true to color. 

 They are found on many farms and ranges, 

 but their colorings are always mixed. A true 

 slate or buff is a novelty among them. They 

 are rather diminutive in size, and very wild 

 in their tendencies. The Bourbon Reds is a 

 variety which has received some special atten- 

 tion from breeders in recent years, and they 

 have been bred until many of them are as large 

 and heavy as the Bronze. They have white 

 wings and cinnamon-colored bodies. 



I'urkeys for the country estate and small 

 home with a few acres surrounding it are popu- 

 lar birds, for they combine the useful with the 

 ornamental. They are best adapted to places 

 with plenty of woodland and meadow range, 

 where they can roam undisturbed during their 

 breeding and growing age. If given a fair 

 range, the turkeys will not stray beyond it, 

 but if confined in restricted quarters they will 

 steal away whenever possible to fields beyond. 

 A woodland range of half a dozen or more 

 acres furnishes an ideal home for turkeys, and 

 they thrive in such places so well that ordi- 

 nary diseases and epidemics that attack con- 

 fined birds rarely decimate their numbers. 



Turkey breeding on the country home 

 should be sharply defined from the wholesale 

 raising and fattening of turkeys on the west- 

 ern ranch and "turkey foundry" where market 

 utility alone is considered. The mixed variety 

 of "barn-yard" and "ranch turkey" found on 

 these large western ranges is anything but 

 attractive to the lover of fine birds, and the 

 toughness of their meat when finally brought 

 to our Thanksgiving table is little more ap- 

 pealing to our esthetic tastes than their ap- 

 pearance. 



The high-bred turkeys of the private estate 

 or modern country home are products of 

 skilled breeding and intelligent selection. 

 They give pleasure as well as profit, and prove 

 of value to the grass fields, the low woodlands, 

 and the meadows. They still possess the 

 roaming tendencies of their ancestors to a 

 degree, and they prefer nothing to searching 

 for their dinner in the meadows and woods. 

 They devour bugs and worms by the thou- 

 sands, for to them the ordinary noxious insect 

 is a dainty morsel for consumption. 



The Bronze turkeys are the greatest 

 roamers of the whole tribe, with the Whites 

 and Blacks the least inclined to stray away of 

 any of the breeds. The former should have 

 at least twenty acres for a range, and the latter 

 may be raised with fair success on ten acres. 

 A small place of four or five acres offers few 

 inducements to turkey-raising except for pleas- 

 ure and exhibition purposes. Some of our 

 best exhibition birds, however, have come from 

 country places of a few acres in extent where 

 the owners made up for the lack of room by 

 greater attention to their individual needs. 

 The spoon-bred and chestnut-fattened turkeys 



