XX 



AMERICAN HOMES AND GA 



RDENS 



July, 1907 



ANY BEAM 



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Cement Concrete 



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 Concrete Building Blocks 



SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 

 1543 contains an article on Concrete, by 

 Brysson Cunningham. The article clearly 

 describes the proper composition and mixture 

 of concrete and gives the results of elaborate 

 tests. 



SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 

 I 53^ gives tlie proportion of gravel and sand 

 to be used in concrete. 



SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 

 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, and 1571 contain an 

 elaborate discussion by Lieut. Henry J. Jones 

 of the various systems of reinforcing con- 

 crete, concrete construction, and their appli- 

 cations. These articles constitute a splendid 

 text book on the subject of reinforced con- 

 crete. Nothing better has been published. 



SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 

 997 contains an article by Spencer Newberry 

 in which practical notes on the proper prepa- 

 ration of concrete are given. 



SCIENTIFIC AMERIC.\N SUPPLEMENTS 

 1568 and 1569 present a helpful account of 

 the making of concrete blocks by Spencer 

 Newberry. 



SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 

 1534 gives a critical review of the engineer- 

 ing value of reinforced concrete. 



SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 

 1547 and 1548 give a resimie in which the 

 various systems of reinforced concrete con- 

 struction are discussed and illustrated. 



SCIENTIFIC .AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 

 1564 and 1565 contain an article by Lewis 

 A. Hicks, in which the merits and defects 

 of reinforced concrete arc analyzed. 



SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 

 1 55 1 contains the principles of reinforced 

 concrete with some practical illustrations by 

 Walter Loring Webb. 



SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 



1573 contains an article by Louis H. Gibson 

 on the principles of success in concrete block 

 manufacture, illustrated. 



SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 



1574 discusses steel for reinforced concrete. 



SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 

 '.17,S_. 1576, and 1577 contain a paper by 

 Philip L. Wormley, Jr., on cement mortar 

 and concrete, their preparation and use for 

 farm purposes. The paper exhaustively dis- 

 cusses the making of mortar and concrete, 

 depositing of concrete, facing concrete, wood 

 forms, concrete sidewalks, details of con- 

 struction of reinforced concrete posts, etc. 



SCIENTUIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 

 137^ contains an article by A. U. Fibers on 

 tests and constitution of Portland cement. 



SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 

 1396 discusses the testing of cement. 



SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 

 1325 contains an article by Professor Will- 

 iam K. Hatt giving an historical sketch of 

 slag cement. 



SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 

 955 and 1042 give good accounts of cement 

 testing and composition, by the well-known 

 authority. Spencer B. Newberry. 



SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 

 1 510 and 1 51 1 present a discussion by 

 Clifford Richardson on the constitution of 

 Portland cement from a physico-chemical 

 standpoint. 



SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 

 1519 contains an essay by R. C. Carpenter 

 on experiments with materials which retard 

 the activity of Portland cement. 



SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 

 1465 and 1466 publishes an exhaustive illus- 

 trated account of the Edison Portland ce- 

 ment works, describing the machinery used. 



SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 

 1491 gives some fallacies of tests ordinarily 

 applied to Portland cement. 



SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 

 I 561 presents an excellent review by Brysson 

 Cunningham of mortars and cements. 



SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 

 1533 contains a resume of the cement in- 

 dustry and gives some valuable foimulie. 



SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 

 1575 discusses the manufacture of hydraulic 

 cement. L. L. Stone is the author. 



SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 

 1587 and 1588 contain an able paper by 

 Edwin C. Eckel on cement material and 

 industrv of the United States. 



SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 

 1586 contains a review of concrete mixing 

 machinery by William L. Larkin. 



SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 

 1583 gives valuable suggestions on the selec- 

 tion of Portland cement for concrete blocks. 



SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 

 i,s8i splendidly discusses concrete aggre- 

 gates. A helpful paper. 



SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 

 1595 presents a thorough discussion of sand 

 for mortar and concrete, by Sanford E. 

 Thomson. 



Eacli number of tlie Supplement costs 10 cents. A set of papers 

 containing all tKe articles atove mentioned will te mailed for $3.50 



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MUNN y COMPANY, 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY 



THE PLUM AS A SUBURBAN 

 FRUIT 



By E. P. Powell 



EACH fruit takes its turn, in the enthu- 

 siasms of pomologists. We are just now 

 in the plum age, and are overloaded with 

 varieties, highly commended, but of no sort of 

 value to the ordinary fruit-planter and home- 

 maker. Several hundred varieties are cata- 

 logued as natives, while the list of foreign 

 varieties and their hybrids is also growing 

 rapidly. The ambition of pomologists, at pres- 

 ent, seems to be to increase the length of their 

 lists, rather than to eliminate inferior sorts. 

 In New England, and as far south as Mary- 

 land, the Domesticas carry the day, and the 

 hybrids are gaining favor. We have, however, 

 a few orchards which contain two or three 

 hundred varieties that are mostly natives. Our 

 fruit catalogues are very slowly learning to 

 eliminate sorts unfit for general cultivation. 



My object in this article is not only to make 

 a shorter list, such as almost any one may 

 plant, but to give my own experience with 

 such as I have tested. Of the European or 

 Domestica sorts I begin of course with Green 

 Gage. This plum has never been surpassed, 

 either in quality or beauty ; but to secure it in 

 its perfection the tree must stand well opened 

 to the sun and air. It is one of the most long- 

 lived varieties, suckering very little, and giving 

 enormous crops annually. Close to this I 

 would place the old Magnum Bonum — a 

 magnificent plum in every way ; but here again 

 your tree must stand well open to the sun. It 

 is necessary to have some variety, like Abund- 

 ance, nearby, to poUenize Magnum Bonum, or 

 you will get but meager crops. I have sold 

 eighteen dollars' worth from one tree in one 

 year. Both varieties must be well ripened on 

 the tree, and they require a near market. For 

 enormous crops and general adaptability, 

 Bleecker stands at the head ; also as a cooking 

 plum it is unsurpassed, but as a plum to eat 

 out of hand it is quite second in rank. Coe's 

 Golden Drop comes after Bleecker, as that 

 follows Magnum Bonum and Green Gage. 

 It is a very superior yellow plum of medium 

 size, giving immense crops, on tall, hardy 

 trees. Later than these comes the Grand 

 Duke, a splendid prune-like plum, hanging on 

 until cold weather. With this we have an- 

 other of the Green Gage sort, called the Reine 

 Claude, rich and e.xcellent for either cooking 

 or eating from hand. Among the very finest 

 of the varieties to supplement these are Jeffer- 

 son, Quackenboss, Victoria, Pond, Monarch 

 and Diamond. With this list I think you will 

 have all of the Domesticas that you need, un- 

 less you add Bradshaw as a companion for 

 Magnum Bonum. These are all large plums, 

 of superb growth and appearance. The Vic- 

 toria is a brilliant red, and Pond a rich violet. 

 Monarch is enormously large and of a dark 

 purplish blue, and very late in ripening. Dia- 

 mond is one of the largest, best and most beau- 

 tiful. Shropshire Damson should be added 

 as the best of that section, medium size, dark 

 purple and very productive. 



Of Mr. Burbank's productions and intro- 

 ductions I have tested a large number. Red 

 June ripens in July, and has not been over- 

 praised. It is a vigorous grower, very pro- 

 ductive and of fair quality. Climax I have 

 not yet ripened, but the growth is upright, 

 strong, and the fruit is said to be four times 

 as large as Burbank, looking much like an or- 

 dinary peach. Shiro ripens in early August, 

 bearing a most beautiful plum, large in size, 

 clear light yellow, with a transparent skin. 

 The quality is a sub-acid, and the flesh is firm 

 as well as juicy. I like this plum very much 

 indeed. The Burbank, an introduction from 

 Japan, follows a little later, and carries itself 



