meandering streams, and dotted with bogs and swamps. This was the ancestral home of 

 many present-day species of plants. 



During the Tertiary, uplift of the land took place, and erosion developed the present 

 topography. Some of the plants adapted themselves to the cooler climate of more elevated 

 areas and grew there throughout the course of the development of our Blue Ridge and 

 Appalachian Mountains. Others proved unable to adjust their temperature requirements 

 and died out from their ancestral regions. Meanwhile, however, the sea was gradually 

 retreating, leaving land open to occupation by plants, and seeds or other disseminules of 

 many species found their way down various river valleys and developed colonies on the 

 newly formed Coastal Plain. Most of the Sarracenias evidently migrated in this manner. 



CALIFORNIA PITCHERPLANT 



Chrysamphora californka (Torrey) Greene 



Though currently believed to be restricted to a few mountain bogs in California and 

 southern Oregon, a study of the literature and of herbarium records has revealed that California 

 pitcherplant grows in numerous localities from Placer County, California, where it reaches an 

 altitude of over 8,000 feet, to Lane County, Oregon, where the writer has collected it at 

 sea level. It grows in swamps, bogs, and springy places where the reaction is usually intensely 

 acid and the soil temperature probably never exceeds 65° Fahrenheit. 



This plant evidently developed, during Cretaceous times, so far west that when the 

 Tertiary uplifts occurred, its seeds failed to reach the drainage basins of any of the eastern 

 rivers, and it accordingly did not colonize the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Instead it migrated 

 westward, and occupied the area which subsequently became the Sierra Nevada and the Coast 

 Ranges, between latitude 39° and 44° N. All traces of the connecting links between this and 

 the related genera Heliamphora and Sarracenia were destroyed by the geologic events of 

 Tertiary times, or by the advances of the ice sheets of the glacial epoch. 



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