1868.] 



of Ethylic Mustard-oil, 



71 



generally retains a minute quantity of ditolyl-sulphocarbamide, which 

 may be separated by recrystallization from ether, tolylic mustard-oil 

 being extremely, ditolyl-sulphocarbamide but slightly soluble in this liquid. 

 The mustard-oil of the tolyl-series readily crystallizes in beautiful white 

 needles, attaining often the length of several centimetres ; they are easily 

 soluble in alcohol, slightly so in water. Tolylic mustard-oil possesses to an 

 almost deceptive degree the odour of oil of aniseed. 



Composition, C s H 7 N S = ^?|^ J N. 



Boiling-point 237°; fusing-point 26°; solidify ing-point 22°. 



When gently heated with toluidine, tolylic mustard-oil is reconverted into 

 ditolylsulphocarbamide. With ammonia it forms sulphuretted monotolyl- 

 urea. Aniline gives rise to the mixed sulphuretted urea of the phenyl and 

 tolyl-series, which is easily obtained in beautiful crystals. 



Benzylic Mustard-oil, 



Chemists are acquainted with a primary monamine isomeric with tolui- 

 dine. This is benzylamine, discovered by M. Mendius. Since the beau- 

 tiful experiments of MM. Fittig and Tollens have established the presence 

 of the methyl-group in toluol, our views respecting the difference of con- 

 stitution of the two isomeric monamines have acquired a solid foundation. 

 In toluidine the substitution of the primary ammonia fragment (H 2 N) 

 for hydrogen has taken place within the benzol nucleus ; in benzyl- 

 amine, on the other hand, the substitution occurs in the methyl-group en- 

 grafted upon the benzol nucleus. Benzylamine thus belongs, in a measure* 

 to both the fatty and the aromatic series ; and the residue of ammonia, 

 which in fact is exclusively affected during the formation of mustard-oils> 

 is present in the fatty portion of the compound. Under these circum 

 stances it appeared rather probable that the base isomeric with toluidine 

 would yield its mustard-oil by conversion into the bisulphide-of-carbon 

 compound and distillation of the latter with perchloride of mercury. Ex- 

 periment has verified this anticipation. 



Benzylamine dissolves iff bisulphide of carbon with evolution of heat, a 

 beautiful white crystalline compound being formed, which, when distilled 

 with alcohol and mercuric chloride, yields a liquid of a penetrating odour. 

 On adding water to the alcoholic distillate, the mustard-oil separates in 

 clear drops which are heavier than water. 



Benzylic mustard-oil, 



C s H 7 NS= ( C,H ?/ j N) 



isomeric with tolylic mustard-oil, boils at about 243°, a few degrees higher 

 than the tolyl-compound. The new body possesses in an eminent degree 

 the odour of water-cresses. The resemblance is so striking, that it becomes 

 desirable to examine the essential oil of water-cresses. 



I may here mention that menaphtylamine, the preparation and pro- 



