188 



Dr. Carpenter's Preliminary Report [Dec. 17, 



observed between lat. 60° 45' and 60° 7', as shown in the following Table 

 and the accompanying Map (for which. I am indebted to the kindness of 

 the Hydrographer to the Admiralty), may be pretty certainly attributed. 



Table of Places, Depths, and Temperatures of Soundings. 



Warm Area. 



No. 



Latitude, N. 



Longi- 



Depth, in 



Temperature 



tude, W. 



Fathoms. 



at surface. 



at bottom. 



1 

 2 

 3 

 4 

 5 

 12 

 13 

 14 

 15 

 16 

 17 



59 20 



60 32 

 60 31 



60 44 



61 1 

 59 36 

 59 5 



59 59 



60 38 



61 2 

 59 49 



o / 



7 5 

 9 10 

 9 18 



8 45 

 7 48 

 7 20 

 7 29 



9 15 



11 7 



12 4 

 12 36 



At least 500 

 164 

 229 

 72 

 62 

 530 

 189 

 650 

 570 

 650 

 60 



54°5 



54 



54 



54; 



53 



52-5 



52 



53 



52 



5 



49° 



48- 5 

 48 

 49 

 50 

 47-3 



49- 3 

 46 

 47 



46 



Cold Area. 



No. 



Latitude, N. 



Longi- 

 tude, W. 



Depth, in 



Temperature 



Fathoms. 



at surface. 



at bottom. 



6 

 7 

 8 

 9 

 10 

 11 



60 45 

 60 7 

 - 60 10 

 60 24 

 60 28 

 60 30 



o / 



4 49 



5 21 



5 59 



6 38 



6 55 



7 16 



510 

 500 

 550 

 170 

 500 



At least 450 



o 



52 

 51 

 53 

 52 

 51 

 50 



33°7 



32- 2 

 32 

 41-7 

 33 



33- 2 



Of its northern limit we are not able to give any account ; but about 

 50 miles to the southward we found the temperature at the same depth 

 to be 15° higher [8 0, 3 Cent.] ; and since the like temperature showed 

 itself at even greater depths to the westward, between lat. 59° 59' and 

 60° 38', and inferentially (§ 19) as far north as 61° 2', at a distance of 175 

 miles from the most westerly point to which we traced this cold area, it 

 may be presumed that this area was as limited in a westerly as we found it 

 to be in a southerly direction. Here, therefore, within a short distance of 

 the Northern Coast of Scotland, an opportunity is presented for determining 

 with great precision the physical conditions of two opposing currents, hav- 

 ing a difference of temperature of at least 15°. In such determination it 



of 1800 fathoms and upwards, the surface-temperature being 75°. It seems impos- 

 sible to account for this fact on any other hypothesis than tbat of a deep current from 

 the Antarctic Polar region, which must have maintained this extremely low temperature 

 throughout the vast course it has had to traverse. 



