CHRYSOMELIDAE. 



205 



are generally straight near the base, and sometimes continue so to the end, but 

 they are often undulate, dentate, serrate or setate. The extreme end of the 

 tibia is rounded, or produced in various ways. 



(3) At the broad-end apex of the tibia the upper surface is concave or some- 

 times slightly so, and in the concavity is articulated the tarsus, immediately 

 beneath which is the process or spur. 



(4) The tarsus is almost as long as the tibia, or sometimes longer. Of the 

 four tarsal segments, the first is the longest, and often as long as the remaining 



Text-fig. 14. — Hind tibiae of : — (a) Diboloides bicolor ; (b) Dibolosoma quadripustulata ; 

 (c) Aphthonoides sp. ; (d) Serraphula aenea. i indicates inner, o outer margin of tibia. 



segments together ; the second is always short ; the third is bilobed ; the 

 fourth is long, and, arising from the base of the bilobed segment, projects much 

 beyond it ; at its apex it bears a pair of claws. A claw may be simple or may 

 have an angular projection underneath at the base, in which case it is called 

 appendiculate. 



(5) The tibial process or spur varies in length ; it has the shape of a rod or 

 club, with its apex rounded, emarginate, split or pointed. Its surface may be 

 plane, or may have the appearance of being ridged. In some cases the process 



