348 TBE AMERICAN NATURALIST [Yol. LV 



with simple bottles of very wide diameter and short plain 

 neck with no lips retain the name Folliculina. The type 

 species F. ampulla being found in Norway, Denmark, at 

 Kiel and in the Adriatic, while a peculiar species F. 

 paguri from the west French coast was described by 

 Giard in 1880 as Pehrilla paguri. 



Forms with more elongated bottles and w^ith longer 

 necks, often marked with a spiral ridge, as well as pro- 

 vided with a collar or lip to the mouth of the bottle, he 

 calls Semifolliculina. The best described is his S. gi- 

 gantea from Norway, as well as the South Polar Sea, 

 while 8. hoechi is the name chosen for an old and widely 

 distributed form occurring in Norway, Denmark, the 

 Adriatic, North America, Formosa, as well as both North 

 and South Polar Seas. S. similis is an aberrant form 

 from the South Seas and S. spirorhis is the smallest 

 form, with very narrow neck, found both in Norway and 

 upon material from North America, East coast. 



Long, straight bottles with the bottom thickened as a 

 falsification of the actual content as judged from the out- 

 side are placed in the new genus Pseudo folliculina, repre- 

 sented by the large P. mellita from the South Polar Seas 

 and by the similar species P. arctica from the north of 

 Norway. The remaining bottle animals have been de- 

 scribed as having some sort of a valve or set of mem- 

 branes in the neck of the bottle, and these Dons includes 

 in the genus Parafolliculina. P. amphora he has de- 

 scribed minutely from Norway and from Iceland, and 

 P. violacea is a well-known form from west France, the 

 Adriatic, west Australia, as well as Norway. 



All these bottles are minute, less than a millimeter 

 long, and though made of a chitin-like material that ad- 

 mits of long preservation in museum jars, they have gen- 

 erally been overlooked, though so common in many parts 

 of the world from the surface down to considerable 

 depths attached to solid objects, such as shells, stones 

 and plants, either singly or in large aggregates or settle- 

 ments. Moreover, certain species have been described 



