364 



THE AMERICAN NATURALIST [Vol. LV 



be very long, with a collar and more or less spiral mark- 

 ing, but no valves. 



Some six species may be recognized. The widespread 

 S. boecki, being separated by Dons from, the old F. am- 

 pulla and bearing the specific name of Claparede's Co- 

 thurnia, includes the Freia ampulla and Freia aculeata 

 of Claparede (which are only stages of growth transfor- 

 mations), as well as the Lagotia viridis, L. atropurpurea 

 and L. hyalina of Wright. Similar but much more 

 evolved in specialization of tube is the S. producta of 

 Wright. 



8. gigantea of Dons is the same as Laachmann's ant- 

 arctic F. ampulla and as Stein's F. ampulla. 



The S. elegans of Claparede may belong here as tenta- 

 tive species with mouth of tube incised on one side, but 

 this feature may well be accidental form. 



S. spirorhis of Dons is well marked by absurdly narrow 

 tube and is a very minute form that suggests depauper- 

 ization. 



*S'. similis recently described by Dons from south polar 

 material possesses a very wide tube without spiral. The 

 specimen figured shows tentacular projections of lobe 

 such as we see in transformation stages. 



Parafolliculina has a short tube which is swollen just 

 above a narrow connection with the sac and may present 

 internally membranes regarded as valves. There are 

 two known species. The typical species is P. ampJiora, 

 one of the smallest of the bottle animalcules found by 

 Dons to remain the year through in some localities in 

 Norway, while also known from Iceland and, we find, in 

 the Chesapeake Bay. The other species, P. violacea, has 

 the case attached only at the base of the sac and not along 

 its entire ventral face as in all above-named species. If 

 this feature is incident to some unusual behavior of the 

 free-swimming stage when about to settle down and con- 

 struct the sac, the two species may prove to be but one. 

 It was found on the French coast by Giard and is known 

 from south Norway, the Adriatic and West Australia. 



Pseudofolliculina has no enlargement of the tube, but, 



