From this it will be seen that while the food-habits are 

 very homogeneous, isolated cases occur where certain 

 species have departed very strikingly from their more 

 conservative relatives. Among these, the most interest- 

 ing are those which have become carnivorous. Thus, we 

 have in the eastern United States, a small butterfly, Feni- 

 seca tarquinius, which feeds upon plant lice occurring on 

 alder. In our southwestern states there occurs also a 

 moth of the genus Epipyrops, typical of the family Epi- 

 pyropiday utterly unrelated to Feniseca, which feeds 

 upon Homopterous insects of the family Fulgoridae, and 

 other species of Epipyrops are known to have quite simi- 

 lar habits in the orient. Also Thalpochares, a moth of 

 the family Noctuidae, is known to feed upon aphids and 

 scale insects in Europe and Australia. Similarly the 

 caterpillars of the Australian Cyclotorna is ectoparasitic 

 on Homoptera of the family Jassidae, and the larva? of 

 Zaphiodiopsis feed upon other caterpillars. A still fur- 

 ther and more extraordinary modification is in the larva 

 of the British butterfly. Li/<« am arion, which is herbivor- 

 ous in its early stages, but enters the nests of ants to 

 prey upon the ant-larva? during its final period of growth. 

 Other scattered cases of predatory caterpillars are 

 known, including other butterflies and moths of several 

 families. With these the most striking feature is that 

 the prey almost always consists of Coccids or Aphids. 

 This association is probably due to the fact that these 

 Homoptera are sessile or slowly moving creatures, com- 

 monly present where caterpillars occur and therefore apt 

 to attract those of carnivorous instincts. Of interest in 

 cennection with this, is the fact that certain phytopha- 

 gous caterpillars may become temporarily carnivorous, 

 quite regularly or under the stress of circumstances. 

 Thus, the very abundant and destructive corn ear-worm, 

 Heliothis obsolcta, commonly lays a number of eggs on 

 the silks of a corn-ear, although nearly aways only one 

 caterpillar finally survives in the interior of the ear 

 where it does most of its feeding. Here the elimination 



