585 



spawn of the fungus is left in the tree. This can he detected 

 by the absence of a brown stain in the wood. In any case 

 it is far better to cut the branch back flush with the trunk. 

 Where the trunk is infected it is preferable to remove the whole 

 tree, and growers are reminded that under the Silver Leaf 

 Order all dead wood of plum trees should be cut out and burnt 

 before 1st April of each year. Silver Leaf chiefly attacks 

 Victoria plums, but it also affects other stone fruits and apples, 

 as well as certain shrubs, more especially the Portuguese laurel. 

 Wherever it is found steps should be taken to cut out and burn 

 diseased branches or trees. 



It is during September that gooseberry shoots attacked by 

 American Gooseberry Mildew are best removed. During the 

 summer the mildew is seen as a white glistening substance on 

 shoots and young leaves. This, however, by September has 

 usually changed to a deep chocolate brown, and the resting 

 spores are developed. During this month the resting spores 

 commence to fall to the ground, and diseased tips should 

 therefore be removed and burnt as soon as possible. By this 

 time the wood is sufficiently ripe, and fresh growth will not take 

 place. If the tipping is done too soon new shoots are formed, 

 and these frequently become attacked with the white stage. 



When cutting out the old raspberry canes care should be taken 

 to remove and burn all rubbish, as the Raspberry Moth spends 

 the winter in shelter afforded bv the old canes, crevices of the 

 supports, and in rubbish (See Leaflet No. 14.) Another rasp- 

 berry pest which breeds on the old canes is Hendersonia nil'). 

 This fungus attacks young canes during the summer, causing red 

 or purplish patches of variable size to appear on the stem. 

 These increase in size, and during the winter change to a dull 

 grey or dingy white colour. When the bark has been killed on 

 such patches the spores of the disease are produced and th» Be 

 infect young canes in the following season. It is necessary, 

 therefore, that all old canes should be burnt, and any young 

 diseased canes cut out and treated similarly. 



In some districts Apple Sucker gives a great deal of trouble in 

 the spring, the young larva 1 getting into the blossom clusters 

 and sucking the nutriment until the blossom appears as though 

 it had been frosted. The adults arc in the flying Btage LB 

 September, and where the apples have been picked before the 

 insects have laid their eggs it is possible to kill a large number 

 of the pests by spraying. As at this date injury to the leaves 

 is not of great importance, anv insecticide, surh as paraffin or 



