1922.] Works for the Relief of Unemployment. 491 



lengths of the upper reaches of the Eiver Derwent (see Figs. 5 

 and 6); and by the Loddon and Blackwater Voluntary Drain- 

 age Committee, whose improvements in the channel of the 

 Loddon have been most marked and effective. 



A large proportion of the works undertaken both by Drain- 

 age Boards and County Councils was for the protection of low- 

 lying land from river or lode flooding by the erection of new or 

 the reconditioning of old flood embankments of which some 

 70 to 80 miles have been dealt with. 



Area No. 6 was responsible for the largest number 

 of schemes submitted by any of the various groups of counties, 

 the total number of drainage schemes being 76 and the total 

 number of water-supply schemes 27, of which 66 and 27 

 respectively were submitted by the County Agricultural Com- 

 mittees of the counties concerned. 



In Kent and Essex one-half the number of cases were for sea- 

 defence. A very high tide which occurred on 1st November did 

 considerable damage to the defences all round these coasts, 

 about 45 miles of sea walls being affected. In a number of 

 cases complete breaches occurred and about 17,000 acres of good 

 grazing land were either actually overflowed or otherwise 

 damaged by sea-water. Practically the whole of the damage 

 has been repaired either by building inset or " shoe " walls 

 round the breaches or by repairing and strengthening the less 

 seriously injured defences. 



The same and subsequent high tides in the Bristol Channel 

 seriously menaced the security of about 6,000 acres of land 

 lying behind the Clevedon sea-defences of the Somersetshire 

 Commission of Sewers, and, although no actual breaches 

 occurred, long lengths of the sea-walls were damaged and 

 much of the supporting outmarsh washed away. In this case 

 the walls have been raised and strengthened and their faces 

 and toes protected with stone pitching supported by round 

 timber piling (see Figs. 9 and 10). 



Along the coast of Lincolnshire (previously referred to) be- 

 tween Ingoldmells and ^^Fablethorpe, and on the Denbighshire 

 coast at Rhuddlan Marsh, the new^ sea-defences consist prin- 

 cipally of concrete stepw'ork and timber groyning. In the 

 latter case the w^ork was undertaken by the recently con- 

 stituted Clw^yd Drainage Board — a particularly active and 

 practical body. 



Timber groyning was also undertaken along the Pett Level 

 frontage (Sussex) ])y the Commission of Sewers for the Peven- 



