10 68 Land Settlement in Denmark. [feb.. 



hens, and up to 80 chickens, and i or 2 horses. In some cases 

 neighbouring holders each keep a strong, active horse and work 

 together, usually carting milk to the factory as well, but in 

 most cases each holder possesses 2 ponies, usually Icelanders, 

 about the size of our pit ponies. The Iceland pony is believed 

 to be an important factor in the successful working of a small 

 holding. Before the War such a pony cost about £S 10s., now 

 he is worth £42. He is very hardy, active and willing, and, it 

 is clairned, two cost only about as much to keep as one big 

 horse. 



The main source of income is milk, which is collected at the 

 door by the co-operative dairy. The cows — Red Danish- 

 are smaller than our milch cows and not so shapely, but they 

 have all the points of good milkers. No milk records, as such, 

 are kept on the holdings in question, the returns from the 

 co-operative dairy being considered sufficient. One holder 

 delivered last year 14,000 lb. from 3 cows, as compared with 

 28,000 lb. from 4 cows before the War. Another milking 

 4 cows gave the yield per day at the date of our visit 

 (3rd June), as follows: — ; 



I heifer, calved Christmas . . . . = 20 lb. 



I cow 6 weeks . . . . . . = 29 



I ,, ,, 2nd March . . . . = 35 



I „ „ nth ,, . . . . = 42 „ 



About 700 gal. per cow per annum is considered a good 

 average. 



A bull is usually hired from a bigger farmer : one, owned 

 co-operatively, died, and as he was not insured, funds were 

 lacking wherewith to purchase another. 



The pigs are of white Danish breed, very similar to our 

 Large Wliite Yorkshires, to which they are closely related. 

 Boars belonging to neighbouring farmers are used ; in one 

 case the boar at the small holders' school. 



Implements. — The holdings are invariably well equipped 

 with implements of the small-holder type. A Hght plough of 

 the " Oliver" pattern and a Danish horse hoe, convertible into 

 a root drill, are perhaps the most noteworthy. The latter is 

 adapted for cleaning roots on the fiat — two rows being taken 

 at one time : a pair of discs fixed about 3 in. apart straddles 

 each row of plants, and fiat cutting-shares operate between and at 

 the outside. The discs protect the plants from being covered 

 up by the working of the shares. One horse is required to 

 pull this excellent tool. Many of the holdings have their own 



