1920.] 



Land Settlement in Denmark. 



1071 



one cow to three acres, about the same as in the cas ; of small 

 holdings. (An ordinary cow is worth about £45 ; a cow of 

 special milking pedigree will make £90 or more.) 



In addition to cows, young stock — calves and heifers — to 

 the number of about 20 are maintained on each holding. 

 These comprise from three to eight bull calves, worth at present 

 from /90 to £225 each (the latter out of a cow that gave 500 lb. 

 of butter-fat annually for four years). 



Horses are invariably good and are mostly of the vanner 

 type. A lighter -limbed horse is also used, somewhat resembling 

 the English hackney. One of this class, a four-year-old mare 

 that had won several prizes locally, was said to be worth 

 about £340. 



An 80 -acre farm usually carries five working and three other 

 younger horses and nags. This relatively heavy stocking is 

 said to be due to the necessity for keeping the land constantly 

 stirred, but a further explanation is the keen trade in horses 

 during the War and the demand for horse-flesh for human 

 consumption. 



Pig stocks have been much reduced of late. On one farm 

 there were 24 pigs, as compared with a pre-war figure of 200. 

 The average number per farm at the time of the visit was 

 about twelve of all ages. 



As regards labour on these farms, about four men are 

 employed continuously throughout the year, and two extra 

 men for singling and lifting mangolds and beet. As a rule the 

 foreman occupies a cottage on the farm, and his wife assists in 

 milking. The hired men are accommodated and fed at the 

 farm in much the same way as in Scotland. Adults (males) 

 are paid about £56 5s., and women for housework about 

 £23 12 s. 6i. per annum, in addition to food and lodging. 



The farm -steading is usually arranged in the fo m of a square 

 the farm house occupying one detache l wing, and the out- 

 buildings three wings joined together. The steading is usually 

 built of brick and roofed with slates or thatch, and is invariably 

 substantial and kept in good repair. The main feature of the 

 outbuildings is the cow-shed, usually consisting of a double 

 row of stalls arranged tail to tail, with feeding passages in 

 front. Connected up with this is a large concrete tank for 

 the urine. The stalls are not washed down with water, con- 

 sequently the manure is preserved pure. To obviate the passage 

 of the solid excrement into the tank and to prevent it damming 



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