1920.] Land Settlement in Denmark. 1079 



more than that of the bigger farmer, and it is doubtful if, at 

 present at all events, the small holding, acre for acre, produces 

 as much milk as does the larger holding. There is less difference 

 between the two classes of holding in regard to crop production. 

 While the numbers of cattle (not cows in milk) have practically 

 been maintained, pigs have fallen off during the War, from a 

 total of about 2 J milUons to half a million. The Dane had 

 become accustomed to fatten his pigs on separated milk and 

 barley meal or millers' offals, and when the supplies of these 

 fell off (separated milk being used largely in cheesemaking, etc.) 

 he seems to have been at a loss to find a satisfactory substitute. 



In regard to education, the Danish small holder is perhaps 

 sHghtly better equipped on the average than the small holder 

 in this country, and he values it more highly. Whether as a 

 result of education or temperament or some other cause difficult 

 to define, the Danes are imbued with a spirit of helpfulness, 

 neighbourliness, and frankness in regard to their private 

 affairs that makes the path to co-operation easy. The 

 progressive majority adopt it and the others have to follow 

 suit, or fail to find a market for their produce. The chief 

 reason, however, for the success of co-operation is, probably, 

 the dense concentration of small holdings and small farms, all 

 turning out the same products. This is a result of uniformity 

 in soil conditions, the fact that agriculture is the main industry 

 of importance, and the popular love of soil and native land. 

 Added to this is the fact that everything possible is done by the 

 legislature, composed largely of farmers, and by the rural 

 councils to help the small holder in his task. Financial 

 assistance is obtainable on easy terms ; while the holdings are 

 excellently equipped with buildings and each is a self-contained 

 unit. There is no such thing as the sharing of buildings ; 

 there are no disjoined holdings ; and the joint use of horses, 

 implements and machinery is rare. 



The same combination of circumstances in this country is 

 seldom met with ; but the wide stretches of light, free-working 

 soil capable of improvement by liberal applications of farm5^ard 

 manure, which are to be found in many districts, would seem 

 to make likely centres for trials of small arable dairy holdings. 

 In Denmark the milk goes to the co-operative creamery, which, 

 on the average, has a membership of about 140 and deals with 

 the produce of about 700 cows. The cream is used for butter- 

 making and the bulk of the separated milk is returned to the 

 farms for pig-feeding. In this country the milk would probably 

 be destined for sale in the towns, and the only form of co- 



