1920.] Farm Drainage Machinery. 1085 



by a sprocket wheel at the upper end of the frame, receiving 

 power through a drive chain from the engine. At the end of 

 their upward movement the buckets empty their loads upon 

 an endless belt, which conveys the soil far enough to the side, 

 so that it will not fall back into the trench. Cutting knives or 

 teeth on the lip of the bucket are often used in hard ground. 

 An attachment is also manufactured that will cut open ditches 

 with a sloping bank, having a maximum depth of 5 ft. and 

 width of 7 J ft. Devices for cleaning buckets are attached to 

 the machine. The machine illustrated in Fig. 9 weighs about 

 13 tons : its length over all is 33 ft. plus boom 18 ft. ; its 

 width over all is 9 ft. 4 in. ; and its height over all is 10 ft. 



Fig. 10. — Endless Chain Excavator — Digging Apparatus (for larger 

 machine than Fig. 9). 



The power is supplied by an internal combustion 4-cyUnder 

 engine rated at 22 to 25 h.p. Two men are required to 

 operate the machine, to lay and bUnd the tile. The fuel 

 required for tile drains averaging 3 ft. deep and 12 in. wide 

 is 20 gal. of petrol per lo-hour day : the minimum amount 

 of work .done per day is about 300 yards. 



3. steam Tackle. — Steam tackle is too well known to need 

 description. Mole drainage and open ditching have been 

 successfully practised by this system for many years, and very 

 suitable implements are provided for that purpose. 



[a) Mole Draining Machines. — Mole ploughs (Fig. 11) are 

 used to form channels in the subsoil to drain the land. The 

 machine forms a duct with smooth sides (similar to a mole 

 track) into which the surface water drains and is carried 

 away to the main drain. Stiff, clay soils are best suited to this 

 method of drainage, since there is less hkehhood of the soil 

 fining the channels and blocking the water than in the case of 

 loose soil. Land lying on a fair inchne gives better results 

 than fiat land, as the rapid flow of the water tends to keep the 



