1921.] 



SiMi>LE Cost Accounts for Fahmeks. 



221 



after excluding the wages of the horse keepers so as to show 

 the cost per diem of the liorse alone. 



(8) Grazing Account. — This should ho charpsed with the rent 

 of the permanent pasture land and with one-third of the rent 

 of the meadows laid up for hay and only grazed as aftermath. 

 It is also charged with labour, manure applied to pasture, any 

 cake or corn fed on the pastures, and with a proportion of the 

 depreciation of implements and establishment expenses. On 

 the credit side a record is kept of the number of days grazing, 

 reckoning a cow or bull equal to five sheep, heifers and young 

 cattle equal to three sheep, horses turned out for the night equal 

 to two sheep, horses wholly out to grass equal to five sheep. 

 The total number of sheep days grazing thus obtained is at 

 the end of the year divided into the gross expenditure so as 

 to obtain the cost of one day's grazing, and the account is then 

 cleared by charging each of the livestock departments with the 

 number of days' grazing it has had. 



(4) Meadoiv Hay. — This account is charged with the rent of 

 the fields laid up for hay, with the manure applied and the 

 labour spent on the fields and during hay making, also with a 

 share of the depreciation and establishment expenses. On the 

 credit side one-third of the rent and of the manure is debited to 

 grazing as representing the after-math. The quantity of hay 

 produced is estimated and charged to the feeding stuffs account 

 at 10 per cent, less than market price. The balance of this 

 account goes to profit and loss. 



(5) Crops. — As most of the crops are unreaHsed at Michaelmas 

 it is necessary to open separate accounts (a) for the unrealised 

 crops, (b) for the crops that are being grown during the year, 

 and (c) for any tillages that may be made before ^fichaelmas 

 for the succeeding year's crops. 



The first account will be debited in the first instance with 

 the valuation of the crops at Michaelmas, or in succeeding 

 years with their costs. Tt will be further debited with any 

 additional work spent on these crops, as, for example, 

 thrashing and delivery. The credits will be the corn sold and 

 the roots and other green crops at standard values as indicated 

 above, these being debited to the appropriate livestock depart- 

 ments. The balance goes to profit and loss. 



The second account for the year is debited wMtli the tillages 

 in the valuation, with manures, seed, horse and manual 

 labour, and a share of establishment expenses and of dcj^recia- 

 tion on the implements. On the croflit side comes the seeds 



