222 



Simple Cost Accofnts for Farmers. 



[June, 



hay sold to feeding stuffs at market price less 10 per cent., 

 the green crops consumed during ' the year at the standard 

 values, and the grazing of the seeds, to which a similar 

 standard value must be attached. The balance at Michaelmas 

 is transferred to the valuation, and becomes the debit with 

 which the (aj account starts in the following year. 



The third account, which is only opened towards the close 

 of the year, contains horse and manual labour, manure, &c., 

 for the crops of the succeeding year, and is also transferred 

 to the valuation, whence in the following year it is transferred 

 to the (b) account. 



(6) Feeding Stuffs Account. — This is only made up for con- 

 venience. It is debited with the stocks and the feeding stuffs 

 bought and the hay from both the seeds and the meadows. It 

 is credited with the amounts transferred to the various live- 

 stock departments and any stocks in hand at Michaelmas. 



If considerable quantities of artificial manures are bought 

 it is convenient to have a similar account for them. Again, 

 an account must be opened for the depreciation of the imple- 

 ments as ascertained from the Stock Book, to which must 

 also be added expenditure on repairs, to be balanced by credits 

 from the accounts among which the whole costs are to be 

 divided. 



(7) Farmyard Manure.— This is debited with the straw and the 

 manurial value of the foods fed to the cattle or pigs in 

 yards, also with the labour spent on clearing the yard and 

 making mixens. An estimate may be made of the quantity 

 of manure when carted out on to the land so as to obtain a 

 figure of the cost of a load of farmyard manure for comparison 

 from year to year. When aiming at simplification this account 

 may be dispensed with altogether, in which case no credit 

 is given to the crops for the straw that is used upon the farm 

 or for the manure value of the foods, while the labour spent 

 on the manure is charged straight away to the crop account. 



(8) Milch Cows. — The debit starts with the valuation : cows 

 and bulls at their standard values, the heifer calves at their 

 standard values. Any additions to the herd that are purchased 

 are debited at cost but depreciated year by year at a certain 

 rate to bring them down to the standard value. Further 

 debits are the feeding stuffs consumed, grazing, horse and 

 manual labour, and a share of the depreciation and establish- 

 ment expenses. The credits are the sales of milk, of calves, 

 of cast cows. If an account is opened for farmyard manure 

 the manure values of the foods consumed are credited to this 



