CONTENTS. 



xiii 



VII. BY-PATHS IN THE DOMAIN OF BIOLOGY. 



BEING AN ADDRESS DELIVERED TO THE BIOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE BRITISH 

 ASSOCIATION (GLASGOW, SEPTEMBER 6tH, 1876) AS PRESIDENT OF THE 

 SECTION. 



Introductory Remarks — On some Relations of Living Things to their 

 Environment. — The Influence of Locality on Colour in Butterflies and 

 Birds — Sense-perception influenced by Colour of tlie Integuments — 

 Relations of Insular Plants and Insects — Rise and Progress of 

 Modern Views as to the Antiquity and Origin of Man — Indica- 

 tions of Man's Extreme Antiquity — Antiquity of Intellectual Man- 

 Sculptures on Easter-Island — North American Earthworks — The Great 

 Pyramid — Conclusion 'pages 249 — 303 



VIII. The Distribution of Animals as Indicating Geographical 



Changes. 



Old Opinions on Continental Changes — Theory of Oceanic Islands — 'Present 

 and Past Distribution of Land and Sea — Zoological Regions — The Palse- 

 arctic Region — The Ethiopian Region — The Oriental Region — Past changes 

 of the Great Eastern Continent — Regions of the New World— Past His- 

 tory of the American Continents — The Australian Region — Summary 

 and Conclusion ............. pages 301—347 



