350 



INDEX. 



Bats, 118 

 Beetles, 94 



abundance of, in ISTew Forest-clear- 

 ings, 96 

 probable use of horns of, 202 

 Belt, Mr. on virgin forests of Nicaragua, 

 62 



on aspects of tropical vegetation, 6 7 

 on leaf-cutting ants, 86 

 on an Acacia inhabited by ants, 89 

 on uses of ants to the trees they 



live on, 90 

 on a leaf-like locust, 93 

 on tree-frogs, 116 

 on the habits of humming-birds, 



133, 134 



on uneatable bright-coloured frog, 

 175 



on use of light of glow-worm, 205 

 Betel-nut, 45 



Bill of humming-birds, 129 

 Biology, by-paths of, illustrated, 251 

 Birds, 99 



how many known, 124 



cases of local variation of colour 



among, 262 

 influence of locality on colours of, 

 255 



which fertilize flowers, 273, 274 

 and insects blown to oceanic islands, 

 308 



of Pahearctic Region, 316 

 of Ethiopian Region, 318 

 of Oriental Region, 320 



Bonelli, Mr., on the Sappho comet 

 humming-bird, 132 



Bullock on food of humming-birds, 153 



Buprestidfe, 94 



Burchell, Dr., on the "stone mes- 



embryanthemum, " 223 

 Butterflies, abundance of, in tropical 

 forests, 72 

 conspicuousness of in tropical 



forests, 73 

 colours and form of, 74 

 peculiar habits of tropical, 76 

 tropical and temperate compared as 



to colour, 164 

 females do not choose their part- 

 ners, 200 

 with gaily-coloured females, 204 

 numbers and variety of, 255 

 influence of locality on colours of, 

 255 



Buttressed trees, 31 



C. 



Calamus, 41 



Callithea, imitated by species of Cata- 



gramma and Agrias, 257 

 ■Callithea marJcii, 75 



Campylopterus hemileucurus, pugna- 

 cious and ornamental, 214 

 Cattleyas, 51 



Cecropias, trees inhabited by ants, 89 

 Celebes, large and peculiarly formed 

 butterflies of, 259 



white-marked birds of, 263 

 Centipedes, 97 



Ceylon and Malaya, resemblances of 



fauna of, 327 

 Chameleons, 113 



Chameleon, cause of changes of its 



colour, 170 

 Chemical action changes colours, 183 

 Chili, humming-birds of, 141 

 Chiroptera, 119 

 Chrysobactron Eossii, 238 

 Clark, Rev. Hamlet on leaf-cutting 



ants, 86 



Climate of Equator, general features of, 

 17 



Climates of Timor, Angola, and Scot- 

 land compared, 14 

 Climbing plants of tropical forests, 37 



uses of, 39 

 Cockatoos, 100 

 Ccelogynes, 51 



Coloration of tropical birds, 110 

 Colour, cause of change of, in humming- 

 birds, 144 

 Colour in nature, x^i'oblems of, 159 

 how far constant, 161 

 as afl'ected by heat and light, 161 

 of tropical birds, 163 

 of tropical butterflies, 164 

 of temperate and tropical flowers, 

 165 



changes of, in animals produced by 



coloured light, 167 

 voluntary change of, in animals, 



170 



not usually influenced by coloured 



light, 171 

 Colour, the nature of, 180 

 how produced, 183 

 changed by heat, 183 

 a normal product of organization, 



185 



as a means of recognition, 196 

 proportionate to integumentary de- 

 velopment, 198 

 not caused by female selection, 198 

 Colour absent in wind- fertilized flowers, 

 233 



same theory of, in animals and 



plants, 234 

 of flowers and their distribution, 



235 



Colour, nomenclature of, formerly im- 

 perfect, 247 



Colour-development as illustrated by 

 humming-birds, 212 



