INDEX. 



353 



Hummiiig-birds, coloiirs and ornaments 

 of, 127 _ 



descriptive names of, 129 

 motions and habits of, 130 

 display of ornaments by males, 134 

 food of, 135 

 nests of, 137 



geographical distribution and varia- 

 tion of, 138 



of Juan Fernandez, 140 



influenced by varied conditions in 

 South America, 147 



relations and affinities of, 148 



sternum of, 151 



eggs of, 152 



feather-tracts of, 152 



resemblance of swifts to, 152 



nestlings of, 153 



differences from sun-birds, 154 



I. 



Iguanas, 113 



Indian peninsula once an island, 325 



ancient fauna of, 325 

 Insects, wingless, 97 



general observations on tropical, 98 

 Insular plants and insects, relations of, 

 267 



Interference-colours in animals, 184 

 Islands, influence of locality on colour 

 in, 257 



J. 



Jacamaes, 105 



Juan Fernandez, humming-birds of, 140 

 insects of, 270 



abundance of humming-birds in, 

 273 



L. 



Laxd and sea, peculiar distribution of, 

 311 



existing distribution of, very 

 ancient, 312 

 Leaf-insects, 92 



Leaves, supposed use of odours of, 277 

 Lemuria, an hypothetical continent, 



not required, 328 

 Leopoldinia major, 45 

 Lepidoptera, diurnal, 72 

 Leptalis, a good case of mimicry, 189 

 Leptena erastus, 256 

 Light, theory of, as producing colours, 



161 



action of, on plants, 222 

 sui)posed direct action of, on colours 

 of flowers and fruits, 236 

 Lizards, 111 



Local causes of colour-development, 216 

 Locusts, richly coloured tropical, 94 

 LoDgicorns, 95 



Lophornis ornatus, very pugnacious, 

 214 



Lord Howe's Island, white rail in, 264 

 Lubbock, Sir John, on colour percep- 

 tion in insects, 255 



M. 



Macaws, 100 



Madagascar, white -marked butterflies 

 of, 260 



Madagascar once united to Africa, 325 

 Madagascar and Malaya, resemblances 



of fauna of, 328 

 Male birds, origin of ornamental plum- 

 age of, 205 

 Male birds which incubate, 212 

 Male humming-birds produce a shriller 



sound, 215 

 Males, theory of display of ornaments 

 by, 207 



Malva sylvestris, 31. rotundifolia, 233 

 Mammals, 116 



Mammalia, supposed variations of, com- 

 parable to those of butterflies, 261 

 localreseniblances of, in Africa, 262 

 Mammalia of Pala^arctic Eegion, 315 

 of Ethiopian Eegion, 317 

 of Oriental Eegion, 319 

 of miocene period in Euro-Asia, 

 321 



Man, antiquity and origin of, 280 



indications of extreme antiquity 

 of, 285 



highly developed at very early 

 period, 286 



antiquity of intellectual, 290 

 Mangroves, 58 

 Mailt car ia saccifera, 41 

 Mantida3, 91 



Mantis resembling an orchis-flower, 1 73 

 Marantacese, 47 

 Marmosets, 118 



Marshall, Messrs. on barbets, 106 

 Martins, M. Charles, on increased size 



of leaves of arctic plants, 236 

 Mates readily found by birds, 200 

 Mauritia, palm, 40 

 Maximilia7ia regia, 41 

 Meiglyptes, 150 



Meldola, Mr. E. on variable colouring 



in insects, 170 

 Meliphagidae in Auckland Isles pro- 

 bably flower-fertilizers, 239 

 Melliss, Mr. on flora of St. Helena, 275 

 Migrations between N. America and 

 Euro-Asia, 334 



between N. America and South 

 America, 335 



A A 



