Figure 14. - -Unmerchantable scrub oaks have invaded large areas of cut- 

 over pine land. Pine planting is needed on some of these areas and hard- 

 wood control is needed on all of them. 



Since 1944, research has been under way at Alexandria to develop 

 effective methods of controlling hardwoods with chemicals. The Research 

 Center has tested many substances, particularly those not poisonous to 

 humans, livestock, or game. The object is to find the cheapest and most 

 effective tree killers, the best concentrations and seasons of application, 

 and the most efficient methods of getting Jhe chemical into the tree. 



Effective Methods Developed 



The first and still the most reliable chemical method developed 

 at Alexandria is that of placing one tablespoon of Ammate (the trade 

 name of ammonium sulfamate) crystals in notches chopped 6 inches 

 apart, edge-to-edge, around the base of the tree (fig. 15A). This 

 method kills scrub oak trees quickly and allows very little sprouting. It 



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