1866 J 



of the Lactic Series, 



27 



which could be obtained by obvious processes, into the following eight 

 divisions : — 



General formula. 



, rCRHHo 



1 . Normal acids [CO Ho 



+ ± 



_ , . , . , r C R H Ro 



2. Etheric normal acids i c q Ho 



3. Secondary acids | ^ o^j^^ 



+ ± 



4. Etheric secondary acids | q q^^^^ 



CRHHo 



5. Normal define acids -j (C Hg)^ 



CO Ho 



CRHRo 



6. Etheric normal olefine acids -{ (C H.,)vi 



CO'Ho 



CR,Ho 



7. Secondary olefine acids (C H.,),i 



CO'Ho 



CR^ Ro 



8. Etheric secondary olefine acids (CH„)„ 



CO "Ho. 



A normal acid of the lactic series may be defined as one in which an 

 atom of carbon is united with oxalyl, hydroxyl, and at least one atom of 



hydrogen. In the above general formula for these acids R may be either 

 hydrogen, or any alcohol hydrogen. 



An etheric normal acid is constituted like a normal acid, but contains a 

 monatomic organic radical, chlorous or basylous, in the place of the 

 hydrogen of the hydroxyl. 



A seconda?y acid is one in which an atom of carbon is united with 

 oxalyl, hydroxyl, and two atoms of an alcohol radical. 



An etheric secondare/ acid stands in the same relation to a secondary, as 

 an etheric normal does to a normal acid. 



A normal olefine acid is one in which the atom of carbon united with 

 oxalyl is ?zo^ united with hydroxyl, and in which the atom of carbon united 

 with hydroxyl is combined with not less than one atom of hydrogen. In 



this formula R may be either hydrogen or a monatomic alcohol radical, and 

 the olefine, or diatomic radical of these acids, may belong to either the 

 ethylene, or the ethylidene series. 



An etheric normal olefine acid difi'ers from a normal olefine acid only in 



D 2 



