]866.] Mr.E.Nettleship on Tsenia echinococcus. 



225 



vomit. I was careful to administer the hydatids from both calcified and 

 non-calcified cysts. 



The animal remained perfectly healthy, and became very much fatter ; 

 he was fed for the most part on cooked kitchen refuse, but I cannot be 

 positive that he never obtained any raw food. 



On May 15th (the forty-seventh day after the first feeding) I killed 

 the animal, and examined the intestines. In the first ten inches of bowel 

 below the pylorus there were no Tseniae ; at that distance a single TcEuia 

 echinococcus appeared, moving actively ; for the next two or three inches 

 there were none, but at about fourteen inches below the pylorus several 

 more appeared, and immediately after this they became so numerous as to 

 present almost the appearance of distended lacteals ; this continued for 

 about a foot in extent, and then they gradually became less numerous, 

 and ceased at about three feet from the pyloric orifice. 



There were also four specimens of T. marginata, varying from two to 

 three feet in length, and two of T. cucumerina. 



The part of the intestine containing T. echinococcus was immediately 

 put into dilute carbolic acid, and the worms not examined until two days 

 subsequently ; after that interval they were still tolerably adherent to the 

 mucous membrane, though a good many had fallen off. On detaching 

 them with needles, or examining those which had fallen off, nearly all were 

 found to be quite destitute of hooks ; but one (from which the outline 

 sketch, Plate VIII. fig. 1, was taken) had a tolerably complete double row ; 

 in this specimen, however, the hooks and proboscis were inverted, while in 

 most specimens the latter part was protruded. 



In fig. 2 is a single hook of T. echinococcus, probably from the pos- 

 terior circlet, magnified more highly. 



Fig. 3 shows at a, a hook of the posterior circlet, and at b, one from 

 the anterior circlet of an Echinococcus-scolex from an ox. There seems 

 very little difference between corresponding hooks of the scolex and of 

 the adult tapeworm, unless the latter be rather stouter and have larger 

 processes. 



On ygth of a square inch, where the worms were thickest, I counted 

 twenty-five of them ; by calculation there were about twenty-two square 

 inches of intestine covered in this way, allowing for the more thinly scat- 

 tered parts at each end of the infected part ; this gives a total of 8800 

 specimens of T. echinococcus in this dog's bowel. 



I have examined carefully numerous specimens of these worms with 

 the microscope, with especial reference to the arrangement of the sexual 

 organs ; the great majority are sexually mature, and contain a greater or 

 less number of eggs. It is not easy to make, out accurately the arrange- 

 ment and connexions of the ovary, yelk-forming glands, and uterus, as 

 described by Leuckart*, but fig. 4 gives a tolerably correct representation, 

 in the 3rd (immature) segment. 



* Tide Cobbolcl, " Entozoa," p. 256, 18G4. 



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