1867.] Dr. Parkes on the Elimination of Nitrogen. 343 



and bowels, and rather less by the skin, but the difference in not great. 

 He has also a larger excretion of nitrogen by the hoivels than S. 



Second Period. — Non-nitrogenous Diet and Rest. 

 On the day following the men were placed for two days on a non-nitro- 

 genous diet consisting of arrowroot, sugar, and butter, from which the 

 casein had been separated. The only nitrogenous substance taken was 

 that contained in infusion of tea. I thought it better to allow the use of 

 warm tea, without milk, both for the comfort of the men and because I 

 was afraid of deranging the tissue-changes by too complete an alteration 

 of diet. 



The arrowroot was made into cakes with butter and sugar, and was also 

 taken as jelly. Butter and sugar were taken as desired. I put no re- 

 striction on quantity, but left it to choice and appetite. 



The following was the total diet of two days, December 10th to 1 1th, 



and 11th to 12th, in grammes :-— 



S. T. 



Water-free arrowroot 480 3827 



Water-free sugar 3997 294-8 



Total dry carbohydrates 8797 677*5 



Butter (without casein) 1247 84*4 



Total water-free food in two days . . 1004*4 76 1 '9 



Proportion of fat to carbohydrates 1 to 7, 1 to 8. 



The dry starches and butter being assumed to be of their ordinary com- 

 position, the daily amount of carbon would be, in grammes, — 



S. T. 



In arrowroot and sugar 195*33 150*4 



In butter 49*25 32-83 



Total 244-58 183 23 



grms. gvms. 



The amount of water taken in the two days . . 4592 4592 



It is of no consequence to calculate the proportion to body-weight, as 

 some starch and sugar passed off by the bowels. 



During these two days the men were kept in complete rest. They were 

 allowed to get up for fear keeping in bed should make them feverish, but 

 they sat quite still, or lay down on the bed, and did not leave the room 

 during the time. 



The weight decreased in the case of S. from 67*7 to 66*5 kilogrammes, 

 and in the case of T. from 50*6 to 49*8 kilogrammes. 



The Urinary Excretion was collected as usual on the first day, from 

 8 A.M. to 8 A.M. ; but on the second day it was collected from 8 a.m. to 

 8 P.M., and again from 8 p.m. to 8 a.m, so that the last twelve hours' 

 urine was secreted forty-eight to sixty hours after the last meal of nitro- 

 genous food. 



