No. 508] NOTES AND LITERATURE 



253 



from the first division of that pronucleus. Morgan suggested 

 that the result could equally well be " explained " on the assump- 

 tion of polyspermy — one sperm nucleus fusing with the egg 

 nucleus and the other (or others) producing cells independently 

 of the segmentation nucleus. The gynandromorphs described 

 by Toyama seemed to be a test case. An analysis of his results 

 gave evidence in favor of my suggestion. In connection with 

 the occurrence of two kinds of spermatozoa in moths — " male 

 and female producing" — the question arises whether on my 

 view the male parts of the gvnandromorph are due to a male 

 or to a female producing sperm. In my paper I suggested that 

 since the female sperm is the homologue (from the chromosomal 

 point of view) of the egg nucleus minus its two polar bodies 

 that such a ' ' female-producing ' ' sperm might produce the male 

 parts. This suggestion fits in completely with the view of sex- 

 determination recently adopted by Wilson. It sounds para- 

 doxical at first that a " female-producing " sperm could produce 

 a male soma, yet if we look to the chromosomes alone as sex 

 producers such a view is tenable. Moreover if in the bee there 

 is produced only female-producing sperm — as the evidence 

 stronuly indicates- -then on my view the male parts must come 

 from a female-producing sperm., On Boveri's view the nucleus 

 that makes the male parts is the same ( after one division) as the 

 egg-pronueleus which is also male producing and the homologue 

 of the "female-producing" sperm. 



T. H. Morgan. 



ECHINODERMATA 

 Red Sea Crinoids. 1 -— Mr. Herbert C. Chadwick has just pub- 

 lished the first account of the crinoid fauna of the Red Sea, his 

 paper being based upon a collection made by Mr. Cyril Cross- 

 land, under the direction of Professor W. A. Herdman, of the 

 University of Liverpool. From time to time notices have ap- 

 peared relating to various Red Sea comatulids, but they have 

 been widely scattered, and some of them more or less forgotten, 

 so that before the appearance of this paper an idea of the Red 

 Sea crinoids could only be obtained by a most laborious search 

 through a large number of more or less rare and inaccessible 

 volumes. 



Mr. Chadwick found six species in the material submitted to 

 1 Reporta on the Marine Biology of the Sudanese Bed Sea.— VII. ' « The 

 Crinoidea." By Herbert C. Chadwick, A. L. S., Curator of the Bort Erin 

 Biological Station. Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), vol. 31, pp. 44-47. 



