24 



THE AMEBIC AN NATURALIST [Vol. LI 



about the Hirudinea critique of Apathy, 1888; Apathy's 

 grief and consolation, 1899). 



A group of papers (9) of a semi-popular sort relate to 

 the work and aims of the Biological Laboratory. Most of 

 the remaining non-technical papers are delightful essays, 

 chiefly upon philosophical biological matters. Such are: 

 ''The Seat of Formative and Eegenerative Energy," 

 1887; ''The Naturalist's Occupation," 1891; "The Inade- 

 quacy of the Cell Theory of Development, ' ' 1893 ; * ' Gren- 

 eral Physiology and Its Eelation to Morphology," 1893; 

 "Evolution and Epigenesis," 1895; "Bonnet's Theory of 

 Evolution; a System of Negations"; also "The Palin- 

 genesia and the Germ Doctrine of Bonnet," 1895; "Ani- 

 mal Behavior," 1899; "Myths in Animal Psychology," 

 1899. 



The more strictly investigational papers fall into three 

 periods: (1) The invertebrate period— devoted chiefly to 

 the leech, Clepsine, which was the subject of his doctor's 

 thesis and upon which he wrote more or less from 1878 to 

 1899— a period of 21 years. Here also belongs his Naples 

 work on Dicyemids. (2) The period of vertebrate em- 

 bryology, beginning with work done with Alexander 

 Agassiz on pelagic fish eggs, 1883-1889, on amphibian 

 eggs, 1888, and the ganoid fish, Amia, 1896. (3) The 

 period of genetics, foreshadowed in his note "Artificial 

 Production of Variation in Types," 1892, and continued 

 with the pigeons to the end, 1910, in all eighteen years. 

 In his work with worms, amphibians and pigeons he was 

 led to reflections upon animal psychology and to the pub- 

 lication of his classic paper on animal behavior, 1898, 

 and his brief paper on myths in animal psychology, 1899. 



Many of these pax)ers are highly finished and give the 

 results of prolonged contemplation. Professor Whit- 

 man, especially in his later years, repeatedly spoke dis- 

 dainfully of rushing into print and making an annual 

 "dump" of scientific gleanings— and these were the nat- 

 ural expressions of his own nature; perhaps he insuffi- 

 ciently recognized that all persons were not constituted 

 like himself and could not react in the same way. Whit- 



