No. 604] SOURCES OF AX ATOMIC AL LITKUAIURK 195 



biographical dictionaries of Panckoucke,^^ Gurlt imd 

 Hirsch,22 Pagel,^^ and the various biographical encyclo- 

 pedias. Much valuable biographical data of many biolo- 

 gists is to be found in the "Nouveau Larousse Illustre," 

 as well as in other general encyclopedias. 



Even a hasty survey of the geographical development 

 of anatomical literature will suffice to show that the con- 

 tinents of Europe and North America are the chief ones 

 to be considered. Asia, Africa, Australia and South 

 America each come in for some slight claim to attention, 

 as will be evident from the discussion of the geographical 

 distribution of anatomists given below. 



It can not be said that all of the men considered in mak- 

 ing up the list referred to below have contributed new 

 ideas to anatomy. Many have not. None of the Eomans 

 were men of original ideas, at least so far as a knowledge 

 of anatomy is concerned. Celsus is the only Eoman 

 whose knowledge of anatomical subjects demands any 

 sort of respect and his knowledge, as given in the "De 

 Medicina," is not acquired first hand although he is to be 

 greatly respected for producing a medical classic. 



Stieda^^* has shown, however, that the Eomans were 

 not entirely devoid of anatomical knowledge, though this 

 knowledge was often erroneous. The "Donaria" de- 

 scribed and figured by Stieda are supposedly offerings to 

 the deity in connection with the suppliant 's plea for health. 

 The part offered, in the form of a model of a leg, foot, 

 breast, viscera or head, indicates the region in which the 

 suppliant suffered and from which distress he wished to 

 be relieved. The objects are of marble and bear the date 

 of about the first century b.c. They are, for the most 



21 C. L. r. Panckoucke, 1820, "Dictionaire des Sciences MMicales-Biog- 

 raphie Medicale," 7 volumes. 



