No. 604] SOURCES OF AX ATOMIC AL LITERATURE 203 



mist, philosopher, poet, physiologist, botanist, or as an ad- 

 ministrator, since he attained some eminence in all of these 

 lines I Should Emanuel Swedenborg be classed as a 

 philosopher, anatomist, geologist, civil engineer or theo- 

 logian? In the present scheme Albrecht von Haller is 

 arbitrarily regarded as an anatomist, although a very 

 large share of his work was physiological. Swedenborg 

 is regarded as a philosopher, for as such he is usually 

 classed, although his anatomical writings were of a high 

 type. Descartes is likewise regarded as a philosopher, 

 although he might with justice be called a mathematician 

 or anatomist. The subdivisions of histology and embry- 

 ology are necessary since a few men specialized strictly 

 'n these branches of anatomical work, and they are known 

 for their contributions to these subjects; such for in- 

 stance as Balfour's noted studies in embryology and 

 Corti's in histology. 



The following list will show in a general way the numer- 

 ical distribution of the men in various professions: 1 jur- 

 ist, (Johannes Peyligk, who in 1499 published in Leipzig 

 his ''Philosophic Naturalis," which contains ten figures 

 of separate organs of the body), 1 statistician, (Francis 

 Galton), 1 beadle or exciseman (Leeuwenhoeck,^^ who for 

 thirty-nine years worked as a subordinate customs officer 

 or beadle at a salary equal to $125 per year. In spite of 

 this meager income he contributed 375 papers to theEoyal 

 Society of London and 17 to the Academy of Science in 

 Paris, besides making all of his microscopes), 1 pope (In- 

 nocent XII, who, working under the direction of Lancisi 

 (1654-1720), is said to have been one of the first to ob- 

 serve, under the microscope, the circulation of blood in 

 the capillaries) ; 1 prior, 1 journalist, 1 theologian (Cas- 

 par Bartholin, the founder of a professorial djTiasty in 

 the University of Copenhagen whose members taught in 



