290 



ATrii'ALlST 



[Vol. LI 



cliromatopliores, as SliuU says, are probably "autonomous 

 bodies arising" only from other autonomous bodies like 

 tliemseh es." On such a view tliey are simply structures 

 enclosed within the cyto])lasm, having a continuity parallel 

 with but independent of the continuity of inherited char- 

 acters. 



(h) Slmll's itexl evidence is drawn from experiments 

 resulting in so-cnllcd iiinti-ocline hybrids, " which he de- 

 fines as "un(M|ii;ii I'eciindcnl hybrids which resemble the 

 mother more th;ni ihe fallier." T^ndei" this head lie cites 

 the well known cnx- dl' -jx cit ^ and u'eiiera crosses am'ong 

 echin()(lei-in>. He ol' tlic lir-1 -cnei'ation' from sea- 



urchin >: si;n-li>ii ■ (Locb, I'.Mi;;). jitid from sea-urchin 

 ?Xcrinoid ( (iodUnvski, l!)()(i) that the embryos were 

 imrely maternal in ciiaracter. In contrast to this, other 

 observers of species and genera crosses among- ecliino- 

 derms (Morgan. P>overi, Baltzer and Ilerbst) have de- 

 scribe,-! the F| cniln-xos as intermediate between the 

 parent- wlincvd- tlictc was noi'nial union of maternal 

 and paternal clironiatin. Slnill emphasizes especially the 

 nialernal ciiaiadM' ot' ciiiln-xos possessing no maternal 

 <-:ir.>niatin. Tli.-.- were in-(.diiced by Godlewski, by fer- 

 lili/inu' ('nncl<'ate(l I'la-nicnts of sea-urchin eggs with 

 '■i-iinil<l --pci-in. Tlif lar\al -tages were reported to have 

 !M(n pnrrly of ll;.- M-a mvliin type. However, Boveri, 

 r.i.M.'M- <le ilaan- and llri'i)^ hav obtained ,e-ults which 

 -iiowed (Mtiier the l-e\-ei'>e eonilition. \]7.., }i(lf <■ ilKll em- 

 bi-yonie chai-acters. or else interniediate larva'. Moreover 



I'ei-tili'/alioii of -iant >ea-nrchin eggs pos- 

 tlie normal amount- of eN toplasm and chro- 

 •v.-e inrliiu-d to li;,. maternal side. That this 



fragment- of n.M-mal with -peiau of anotliei' <pe<Mes 



an<l found no pateiaial inclination from the haKed aimumt 

 of cytoi-la-m. That tli." phenomena are due rather t.. tlie 

 ehromo-ome- i- indirated b> the -ame expe.amenter 

 work with di>iK'rinie fertilization. When more than one 



