No. 609] SHORTER ARTICLES AND DISCUSSION 



575 



tabulated in every practicable manner: first, by eliminating all 

 hauls except those made between 6 and 10 a.m. ; second, by elim- 

 inating all except tliose niado liotweon 10 a.m. and 2 p.m.; third, 

 by eliminating nil .xroi.t tlioso made between 6 and 10 p.m.; 

 fourth, by eliminating' all .^xcepl those made during June, 1909, 

 and fifth, by eliiiiiiiatin*^- all except those made between June 12 

 and 30, 1909, and within a distance of approximately half a mile 

 of each other. But, in every case without exception solitary 

 forms were most abundant and least frequent in the warmer 

 water, while zooids were most abundant and most frequent in the 

 colder water. Furthermore, the frequency of solitary forms was 

 found to be usually identical with that of zooids. Finally, the 

 probability of such an identical series of relations being due to 

 the effects of random sampling was computed, and the odds 

 against it were found to be more than 1,600 to 1. Obviously, 

 then, the apparent paradox has a significance. What is it? 



liy the bottom of the ocean. Flotation is then analogous to ac- 

 cumulation in warm water, and sinking to accumulation in cold 

 water. The problem may then be restated as follows : 



Since corks float and iron weights sink, what is the relation 

 between them that necessitates taking some corks from the bottom 

 of the ocean whenever a number of iron weights are taken there- 

 from, and that necessitates taking some iron weights from the 

 surface whenever a number of corks are taken therefrom ? 



Stated in this symbolical language, it is obvious that the only 

 feasible answer is that at the time the corks and iron weights 

 were removed from the ocean, they were tied together. Now, if, 



