434 



THE AMERICAN NATURALIST 



[Vol. LIII 



The second kind of types, frequently occurring among hybrids, is 

 that part of the hybrid, approaches more to the maternal or to the 



Under the third class of hybrid types, Gartner considers 

 those— 



Among which the resemblance of a hybrid to one of its parents, either 

 to the father or to the mother, is so marked and preponderating that 

 the agreement with the one or with the other is unquestioned, and 

 strikes one at once (p. 285). 



Regarding the behavior of plant hybrids in the first 

 hybrid or generation, as compared with their behavior 

 in the second generation, Gartner's remarks are interest- 

 ing, although not based on numerical data. 



Among plants, by far the greater number of the normal and regular 

 types of the hybrids from the first cross, as compared with the excep- 

 tions and varieties, testifies against the operation of . . . external influ- 

 ences, and proves rather the inner necessity of a regular formative 



well as^of hybrids (p.Vs). 



Regarding this supposed formative force (Bildungs- 

 kraft), Gartner arrived at a conception of the inner 

 nature of the phenomenon occurring in hybridization, 

 which is scientifically interesting, although amounting to 

 a theory, and not to a conclusion directly derived from 

 experiment. 



The 'foundation and the determination of the types of hybrids, might 

 therefore be discoverable, not so much in the mass and the relationship 



As we now know from Mendel's experiments, however, 

 it is this modification of the "sexual material" itself 

 which pre-determines the direction in which the forma- 

 tive force may run. Tn Gartner's day, the ab.stract con- 

 ception of a i-ehitivc i)()t('iicy of the one or the other 

 parent in liyl.ri.li/nt ion. \v;is ;i piwalcnt one, and this 

 statcnicnl mI.ow is ;i phihisot'liicnl ('(.neeption, which 



paternal form, whe 

 transference to the 



