chimona'nthus. 5 



creased by division of the roots, or by 

 seeds, which it produces in abundance. 



Chelo v ne. — ScrophuldrinecB. — 

 Handsome herbaceous plants, natives 

 of North America, most of which are, 

 however, now included in the genus 

 Pentstemon. The four still called 

 Chelone, are C. glabra, C. obliqua, 

 C. Lyoni (C. major, Bot. Mag.), 

 and C. nemorosa. All the species 

 grow freely in light rich soil, and are 

 readily increased by cuttings, suckers, 

 or seeds, which in favourable seasons 

 are produced in abundance. 



Chermes, or Kermes. — A scale- 

 like insect that raises a kind of gall 

 apple on a species of oak (Quercus 

 cocci/era), and which produces a bril- 

 liant scarlet dye. The true Chermes 

 is a kind of coccus ; but the name was 

 applied by Linnaeus to a genus of 

 leaping insects known by the popular 

 name of false aphides, because the 

 larvae resemble those insects ; though 

 in their perfect state, they have red 

 bodies, and long snow-white wings. 

 These insects, which are now called 

 Psylla, are generally found on plants 

 of the genus Pyrus ; and they may 

 be known to have attacked a tree by 

 the cm-ling up of its leaves, and wither- 

 ing of its branches. They frequently 

 attack the Pyrus or Cyddnia ja- 

 ponica, and the snowy JYlespilus, 

 which they destroy by sucking the 

 sap out of the branches. The only 

 way to get rid of them is to wash and 

 brush the branches with soft soap 

 and water in winter and spring. — 

 See Aphis. 



Cherry. — See Cerasus. 



Cherry Bay and Cherry Laurf.l. 

 — Old English names for the common 

 Laurel. 



Chimona'nthus. — Calycantheas. 

 — C. fragrans, the winter flower 

 (Calycdnthus prcecox), and its va- 

 rieties, are well deserving a place 

 against a conservative wall, or in 

 the conservatory ; for though hardy 



CHORO'ZEMA. 



enough to stand our winters in the 

 open air, yet from their very fragrant 

 flowers being produced in December, 

 January, and February, they are very 

 liable to be injured by the fro3t. They 

 thrive in almost any soil, but prefer 

 a mixture of loam and peat. They 

 are readily increased by layers, and 

 cuttings of the young wood, which, 

 planted in sand under a bell-glass, 

 strike freely. The large-flowered va- 

 riety has darker and handsomer 

 flowers, but they are less fragrant. 



China Aster. — See Callistephus. 



China Rose. — See Rosa. 



Chinar Tree. — The Oriental plane, 



Chinquapin. — Dwarf Chestnut. 



Chiona'nthus. — Oletnce. — C. Vir- 

 ginia, the Fringe Tree, is a large 

 shrub, well deserving a place in all 

 peat borders, both for the beauty of 

 its white fringe-like flowers, and for 

 its leaves, which are often as large as 

 those of Magnolia grandiflora, and 

 die off of a fine rich yellow. It is 

 readily increased by layers or seeds, 

 and it may also be grafted or budded 

 standard high on the common ash, 

 when it will form a fine object for a 

 lawn, or for the centre of a flower- 

 bed. 



Chiro v nia. — Gentianece. — Green- 

 house plants of short duration, and 

 consequently requiring to be fre- 

 quently raised from cuttings, which 

 strike freely in peat under a hand- 

 glass. C. frutescens, with rose- 

 coloured flowers, and its variety, 

 with white flowers, are the most de- 

 sirable species, and may be easily pro- 

 cured fiom the nurseries. They are 

 also frequently raised from Cape 

 seeds, the plants being all indigenous 

 at the Cape of Good Hope. 



Choro'zema. — LeguminbscB. — 

 Beautiful New Holland shrubs, thriv- 

 ing well in an equal mixture of loam, 

 sand, and peat. They are readily in- 

 creased by cuttings iu sand under a 

 bell-glass, or by seeds, which are fie- 



