jasmtnum. 



157 



JUJUBE TREE. 



if planted against trellis- work, or 

 against the frame-work of a bower, 

 it will soon afford an agreeable shade, 

 and produce its long, graceful, deep- 

 green shoots, in such quantities, as, 

 after covering the bower, to hang down 

 to the ground all round it, and require 

 to be separated like a curtain by a 

 person entering. This plant and the 

 common Ivy, when trained up a single 

 post, with a spreading umbrella top of 

 frame- work, form some of the finest 

 objects in small gardens by their 

 pendent branches, which not only 

 hang down from a height of from 15 

 feet or 20 feet to the ground, but 

 trail along it to a considerable dis- 

 tance. Like the Ivy, the common 

 Jasmine is an evergreen; not, how- 

 ever, from its leaves, but the deep 

 green colour of its shoots. The 

 flowers are white, and very fragrant, 

 and yield an oil similar to that pro- 

 duced by J. grandiflorum. J. re- 

 volutum is a native of Nepaul, with 

 yellow blossoms, and thrives against 

 a wall, where it grows with great 

 vigour, covering a large space in a 

 short time. J. fruticans and J. 

 humile are upright border shrubs, 

 with yellow flowers, deciduous leaves, 

 but deep green shoots. J. grandi- 

 florum is a hothouse shrub that bears 

 a good deal of resemblance to the 

 common Jasmine, and yields the oil 

 of Jasmine of the shops. J. odora- 

 tissimum, from the Azores, has yel- 

 low and very fragrant flowers and 

 broad evergreen leaves. J. azoricum, 

 a native of Madeira, requires the 

 greenhouse, has white flowers, and is 

 very fragrant ; and J. Sambac, a 

 stove species, of which there is a va- 

 riety with double flowers, is most 

 fragrant during the night. It is to 

 this species that Moore alludes in his 

 beautiful lines on the Jasmine. There 

 are several other species, but all are 

 climbers excepting J. fruticans and 

 J. humile, already mentioned. They 



will all thrive in any common garden- 

 soiJ, mixed with leaf-mould ; and they 

 may be all propagated by cuttings 

 planted in sand, and covered with a 

 hand-glass. 



Jatro'pha. — - Euphorbiacece. — 

 The Physic-nut. West Indian trees 

 and shrubs, which abound in a poison- 

 ous juice, but which, when this is 

 pressed out, are wholesome and nour- 

 ishing. The substances called Ta- 

 pioca, and Cassava- bread, are made 

 from Jatropha Manihot. In Eng- 

 land all the species must be grown in 

 a stove, in a mixture of sandy loam 

 and peat. They require small pots 

 and very little water ; and they are 

 propagated by cuttings. 



J efferso^nia— P odophyllacece . — 

 An American marsh plant, which is 

 generally grown in peat-soil, kept 

 moist. It is increased by seeds, or 

 dividing the root. 



Jerusalem Sage. — See Phlomis. 



Jet D'Eau. — A fountain, which 

 consists of a single column of water, 

 rising straight up out of the ground. 

 See Fountains. 



Jonquil. — A kind of Narcissus. 



J udas Tree — CercisSHiquastrum 

 — A low tree, producing numerous 

 racemes of beautiful pink flowers, from 

 the old wood of the trunk and 

 branches. It grows freely in any 

 common garden-soil, but prefers a 

 warm and sheltered situation ; and it 

 flowers best against a wall. The 

 flowers have an agreeable and slightly 

 acid taste ; and they are eaten in 

 France, fried in batter, as fritters. 

 There are several varieties, but the 

 only distinct species is C. canadensis, 

 a native of North America. As these 

 plants bear abundance of seed, and 

 grow rapidly, they are often raised 

 from seed ; and hence the great num- 

 ber of varieties. They may also be 

 propagated by layers. 



Jujube Tree. — The lozenges called 

 Jujube, are made from the fruit of 



