tournefo'rtia. 290 tragopy^rum. 



Toothache-trke. — See Xanthoxy- 



LON. 



Topiary. — The art of cutting yews 

 and other trees into curious shapes, 

 by putting a wire frame-work over 

 them, and then clipping the trees into 

 the desired form. This art was prac- 

 tised to such an extent in ancient 

 Rome, that the word for topiarist was 

 used as synonymous with that for 

 gardener. 



Tore'nia. — Scrophularinece. — 

 Australian plants, with pretty flowers, 

 which require to be kept in a green- 

 house, and. grown in sandy loam. One 

 species is a half-hardy annual, which 

 may be raised on a hotbed, and planted 

 out in May. 



Torreya. — Conifer as. — A very 

 handsome evergreen tree, a native of 

 Florida in North America, nearly 

 allied to the yew, and forming a link 

 between that tree and the hemlock 

 oruce. The first specimen seen in 

 Europe was sent in October 1840, 

 from A.J. Downing, Esq., of New 

 York, to Mr. Loudon, and was pre- 

 sented by him to Mr. Masters, nur- 

 seryman, of Canterbury. It is said to 

 be hardy, and to grow in any common 

 garden soil. 



ToRMENTi'LLA.-iZosame. — British 

 plants with yellow flowers, which, 

 though weeds, look very well on rock- 

 work. The double-flowered variety 

 of 7\ erecta is very ornamental, 



To'rtula. — Cryptogamia Musci. 

 — Wall-moss. A kind of moss, very 

 useful in making moss-houses, from 

 the brightness and variety of its 

 colours ; some of the species being of a 

 dark blue-green, others of a rich yel- 

 lowish green, others of a very pale 

 pea-green, aDd one of a dark rich 

 brown. They are all common in 

 Britain. 



Touch-me-not. — See Impatiens. 



Tournefo'rtia. — Boraginece. — 

 Hothouse and greenhouse shrubs, and 

 hardy and half-hardy perennials, na- J 



tives of South America. T. Messer- 

 schmidia is a greenhouse shrub, with 

 very fragrant flowers, which have no 

 beauty ; and T. heliotropioides is a 

 half-hardy perennial, strongly resem- 

 bling the Heliotrope in its flowers, but 

 without any fragrance. They are all 

 free-growing plants in sandy loam, 

 and they are propagated by cuttings. 



Trache lium. — Campanulacecs. 

 • — Throatwort. The most common 

 species, T. cceruleum, is a half- 

 hardy biennial, which requires to be 

 raised on a hotbed, kept in a frame 

 during winter, and planted out in 

 spring, where it is to flower, in rich 

 mould. 



Trachyme x ne\ — UmbellifercB. — 

 Australian shrubs requiring a green- 

 house. For the beautiful annual 

 species, T. ccerulea, see Didiscus. 



Tradesca'ntia. — Commelineoe. — 

 Spiderwort. Handsome herbaceous 

 plants, the common kinds of which 

 only require planting in the open 

 ground, and in any common garden 

 soil. There are, however, several 

 hothouse plants belonging to the 

 genus, and two or three Mexican or 

 South American annuals, which all 

 require a light soil, enriched with 

 rotten dung or vegetable-mould. 



Tragopo^gon. — Composite. — 

 Goat's Beard. Ornamental biennial 

 plants, natives of Europe, which only 

 require to receive the common treat- 

 ment of similar plants, and to be 

 grown in any garden soil. Of the 

 British species, the most remarkable 

 are T. praiensis, the popular name 

 of which is Go-to-bed-at-noon, from 

 the flowers closing in the middle of 

 the day, and which has large yellow 

 flowers, and a very curious feathery 

 head of seeds ; and T. porrifolius, 

 the common Salsafy, which has purple 

 flowers, and the roots of which are 

 occasionally dressed as a vegetable. 



Tragopy'rum. — Polygonece. — 

 Goat's Wheat. Ornamental shrubby 



