and the trees marked for cutting were judged by forest entomologists 

 to adequately provide for the beetle control features of the cutting 

 objectives. All high beetle risk (low vigor) trees were cut and 

 milled, leaving only trees of low risk (high vigor) in all diameter 

 and age classes . 



A total of 66 percent of the original pine volume, or an average 

 of 9,990 board feet per acre, was left to form the residual stand 

 after the cuttings. Of this amount, 617 board feet per acre, or 6.2 

 percent, was damaged to varying degrees during logging (table 2). 

 Damage consisted mostly of the scuffing off of large areas of bole 

 bark and the crushing of the cambium layer in these areas by cable 

 "burning" during skidding operations (fig. 1). Less evident was 

 some top bole breakage and crown damage during felling. 



Table 2. Severity of logging damage to residual trees in a large- 

 scale sanitation-salvage cutting in Montana, 1949-1951. 

 (Per acre ) . 





Residual pine 



1 stand 



Amount of damage 



Risk 



Number 



Volume 



% Original 



Number 



Volume 



% Residual 



rating 



of trees 



b .m . 



volume 



of trees 



b .m. 



vol lime 



1 



2.6 



1,520 



71.3 



0.5 



76 



5.0 



2 



14.8 



8,470 



87.1 



1.4 



541 



6.4 



3 



None 













4 



None 













Totals 



17.4 



9,990 



66.0 



1.9 



617 



6.2 



The dispersal of these trees throughout the residual stand may 

 serve to build up beetle populations which the cutting was designed 

 to suppress. Hence, it is of utmost importance that logging damage 

 to residual trees be eliminated insofar as possible in sanitation- 

 salvage cuttings or in any kind of selection cutting where residual 

 pine stands are to be free of beetle-caused damage. iVhenever beetle 

 protection of residual ponderosa pine stands is a major objective of 

 cutting, extra care in logging is needed. This can best be achieved 

 by pre-cutting planning, better supervision of all aspects of log- 

 ging, especially felling and skidding, and by the cooperation of all 

 logging personnel. It is believed that better cooperation will come 

 from a full acquaintance of the personnel with the cutting objectives 

 relating to bark beetle control. 



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