418 



UNITED STATES 



copper is also abundant, and yields from 60 to 75 

 per cent, of copper. 



Iron. ..This mineral is found in the most abundant 

 manner in every State of the Union, of different 

 qualities. Excellent steel, by the process of cemen- 

 tation, is made in Pennsylvania. In New Jersey, 

 there is the greatest variety of iron ore. The bog 

 ore in the lower parts of that country, near the sea- 

 coast, is observed to grow. The cold sheer iron 

 in that state is almost uniformly of sl grey grain. 

 The ore in the hilly and northern parts of the state 

 is allowed to be equal to any in the United States. 

 Mr. Jefferson remarks of the iron of some parts of 

 Virginia, that its toughness is so great, that pots . 

 and other utensils cast thinner than usual, maybe safe- 

 ly thrown into, or out of, the waggons in which they 

 are transported. Salt pans made of the same, and 

 no longer wanted for that purpose, cannot be broken 

 up in order to be melted again, unless previously 

 drilled in many parts.'* 



It is believed that this property is general in the 

 iron of the United States. A considerable manufac* 

 turer of iron in Philadelphia informed the author, 

 that he could not make an elbow to a stove pipe of 

 the English sheet iron, as in lapping, it constantly 

 broke. This defect was not observed in the sheet 

 iron of this country, which of course was exclusively 

 used for the purpose mentioned. 



Magnetic iron ore is found in Berks county and 

 Chester county Pennsylvania, at Scooley's moun- 

 tain. New Jersey,* and in the upper parts of Nieu- 



* For an account of the present state of the iron business in Pennj 

 pylv<uu»; See Domestic £ncyclope(U»/ voL iii. 



