486 UNITED STATES. 



The fronts of the abutments from the surface of the 

 ground, and the ends, and about forty feet of the 

 wing walls above the banks, are carried up with cut 

 stone in courses of range work ; varying in depth 

 as they proceed upwards, from twenty to six inches, 

 and battering half an inch in the foot : and although 

 no ornament was sought for, this masonry exhibits a 

 solidity of Avork, and neatness of execution that reflects 

 great credit on the workmen who constructed it» 

 The cut stone, in the abutments, are all clamped to- 

 gether with iron clamps, as high as it presumed the 

 ice or other floating substances will ever assail them ; 

 and in every tier of stone are a number of branch 

 clamps extending diagonally and crosswise the abut- 

 ment, connecting the whole together. The interior 

 is made up of large rough stone, many of half a ton 

 weight and upwards, compactly filled in with smaller 

 stone, and the whole laid in good lime and sand mor- 

 tar, and forming one entire, solid mass of masonry. 

 These abutments are nineteen feet above the ordinary- 

 flow of the tide, six feet above the highest freshes 

 from ordinary causes, and at least four feet higher 

 than the water has ever been known to rise, from 

 obstructions by ice on the bars below. Besides 

 this, the travelling way is raised nearly three feet 

 higher ; so that no injury can possibly be sustained in 

 the wooden superstructure, by any substances floating 

 on, or carried down the river in the highest freshes. 



The wing walls on the east side, at the distance of 

 sixty feet from the front of the abutments, spread or 

 splay seventy -eight feet ; and for the first twenty- 

 feet they run into the bank, are laid as deep as the 



